Presented by: Shehneela Baseer Zainab Sajjad

 Introduction to Bioreactors  Types of Bioreactor designs  Conclusion

 Any manufactured or engineered device or system that supports a biologically active environment

 Stirred tank reactors  Bubble-column reactors  Air lift reactors  Drum rotating reactors  Immobilized plane cell reactors  Membrane reactors

 Air is dispersed by mechanical agitation.

 Better control over the environment of the culture.

 Can cause damage to the cells  High energy demand  Complexity in construction  Difficult to scale up.

 One of the simplest type of gas – liquid bioreactors.

 Facilitates sterile operation  Less damaging to shear-sensitive cells  Scale up is relatively easy.

 Undefined fluid flow pattern inside the reactor.  Non-uniform mixing.

 Works on draught tube principle.

 Reasonable mixing with low shear  Operating cost is low.  Less contamination

 Insufficient mixing at high cell densities.

 Consists of horizontally rotating-drum on rollers connected to a motor.

 High oxygen transfer.  Good mixing  Facilitated better growth and impart less hydrodynamic stress.

 Difficult to scale up.

 Immobilization of plant cell into a suitable carriers.  Either in natural (alginate, agar) or synthetic (polyacrylamide)

 Cells are separated from growth medium by membrane

 Environment is more easily controlled  Better control over cell density.

Reactor type Oxygen transfer Hydrodynami c stress MixingScale uplimitations Stirred-tankHighHighly destructive Completel y uniform DifficultCell death; contamination due to moving parts ST-low agitation and modified impeller MediumLowReasonabl y uniform DifficultInsufficient mixing at very high cell densities Bubble- column MediumLowNon- uniform EasyDead zones; settling of cells due to poor mixing Air-liftHighLowUniformEasyDead zones at high cell densities Rotating- drum HighLowUniformDifficultNon-uniform mixing at very large scale.

 Insulin Bioreactor Design

 Production of insulin precursor  5000 kg insulin per year  Assumes 20 % loss due to purification  k L a within 10% of 2088 hr -1  Prevents oxygen limited reaction  Prevents anaerobic metabolism  Glucose concentration < 0.5 g/L  Prevents formation of ethanol  CSTR configuration  Jacket heat exchanger  Price

 Substrate feed  Glucose, ammonia, mineral salts  Cellular metabolism of substrate  Extracellular production of insulin  Air sparging for oxygen delivery  Impellers for mixing of nutrients and oxygen

 Hence, with the help of different types of bioreactors, commercial production of secondary metabolites is not only possible but also profitable.