Stefaine Tharpe Jasmine McClendone Sharelle Davis

Physiological Determinants of Hunger Washburn and Cannon showed that hunger’s inner push corresponds to the stomach’s contractions but hunger also has other causes. Body chemistry that influence our feelings of hunger include those of insulin, leptin, orexin, PYY and ghrelin. This information is used into the parts of hypothalamus which controls the body’s weight by affecting our feelings and satiety.

Physiological Determinants of Hunger What seems to remain unknown would be whether the body has a precise set point which means the biological is fixed tendency to maintain an optimum weight or whether a settling point which means an environmental and biological influenced level at which weight settles in response to caloric intake and output.

Psychological and Cultural Influences Hunger is caused by our physical state but also by our memory of when the last time we ate and the expectation of when we should eat again. Also we as humans tend to eat what we are used to from our families and our culture. Some preferences such as avoidance of new foods or foods that have made us ill have survival value.

Eating Disorders affects on Behavior Anorexia Nervosa- starts off a weight loss diet but usually ends with people way below normal weight. Even as thin as they are, they still tend to limit the intake of their food. Bulimia Nervosa- begins after a dieter has broken diet restrictions. They tend to overeat and then vomit. ( also laxative use, fasting or excessive exercise). Are not under weight so it can be hidden easier.

Eating Disorder The causes of these disorders would be cultural effect or past experiences. The new look is 9 times out of 10 thin which causes young girls to feel that they have to be that size in order to be beautiful which isn’t true. Low self-esteem and negative emotions seem to also interact with stressful life experiences.

Question Do you feel in touch with your body's hunger signals? Do you eat when your body needs food? Or do you tend to be more externally influenced by enticing foods even when you’re full?

Sexual Motivation There are four stages of the human sexual response cycle: excitement, plateau, orgasm and resolution. Not all people can get sexually aroused. There are things called sexual disorders and can be treated by either behaviorally oriented therapy or drug therapy.

Hormones Hormones affect both sexual motivation and behavior. Males have testosterone and females have estrogen. These hormones help our bodies develop and function no matter what the sex may be. For animals, it helps stimulate sexual activity. For humans on the other hand, it doesn’t really affect our sexual activity.

External Stimuli and Fantasies Erotic material and other external stimuli can trigger sexual arousal in both sexes although the brain sometimes disagree. What seems to happen after seeing sexually explicit sometimes causes people to see their partners differently and sometimes the relationship value decreases. Because of hormones and the external pull of sexual stimuli, fantasies influence sexual arousal.

Sexual Orientation Heterosexual and Homosexual Heterosexual- Female and Male Homosexual-Male/Male or Female/Female How do feel about different Sexual Orientations? Why do you think these Orientations occur?

Pregnancy Why do feel that most teens become pregnant?

Pregnancy and contraception Ignorance- most believe that birth control protects them diseases. Also teens underestimate the sexual activity their partner has had and that misperception may influence their own behavior. Guilt related to sexual activity – people have regretted having sex and because of that, they don’t want to seem promiscuous so they are hesitant to using protection. May result in conception.

Pregnancy and contraception Communication is important. Most teens that don’t talk to their parents tend to become wild, but teens who do talk to their parents, use contraceptives. Drugs and media has a huge effect because the influence of both are very heavy on someone. This causes people to act on sex without good judgment.

STI STI stands for sexually transmitted infections. Study shows that if a father is present, the person has high intelligence about STI’s, have religion views and active in the community then it is very likely that the child wont participate sexual activity.

Question With the knowing of pregnancy and STIs do you think that sex has value?

Key Terms to Remember Glucose – form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues Set Point- An individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set Basal metabolic rate- the body’s resting rate of energy expenditure Insulin-secreted by the pancreas; controls blood glucose Leptin-secreted by fat cells; signals to brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger.

Key Terms to Remember Orexin- secreted by the hypothalamus; triggers hunger Ghrelin- secreted by empty stomach; sends hunger signals to brain PPY- Secreted by digestive tract; sends not hungry signals to the brain.