“A wilderness...(4) may also contain ecological, geological, or other features of scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value.” Wilderness Act, Section 2(c)

“A wilderness...(4) may also contain ecological, geological, or other features of scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value.” Wilderness Act, Section 2(c) Other Features of Value Unique Attributes and Other Features Unique and Supplemental Optional Values

ecologicalgeologicalscientificeducationalscenichistorical

ca. 2002: 1 st ideas on defining “wilderness character” monitoring ≠ wilderness character 2008: Keeping It Wild 5 th Quality not recognized for monitoring purposes Undeveloped included cultural resources

DEFINITION [2(c)] USE [4(b)] ecologicalgeologicalscientificeducationalscenichistoric recreational scenic scientific educational conservation historical

DEFINITION [2(c)] USE [4(b)] ecologicalgeologicalscientificeducationalscenichistoric recreational scenic scientific educational conservation historical

DEFINITION [2(c)] USE [4(b)] “a precise meaning or significance; the act of making clear and distinct” Wilderness Character “the employment of something for some purpose; the quality of being suitable or adaptable to an end” Public Purposes ≠

DEFINITION [2(c)] USE [4(b)] Educational value

DEFINITION [2(c)] USE [4(b)] Educational valueEducational use

DEFINITION [2(c)] USE [4(b)] Educational valueEducational use One of the area’s public purposes

DEFINITION [2(c)] USE [4(b)] Educational value Part of the area’s wilderness character Educational use One of the area’s public purposes

DEFINITION [2(C)] USE [4(B)] Scenic value Part of the area’s wilderness character Scenic use One of the area’s public purposes

To what extent do your wilderness area’s Other Features of Value contribute to making clear and distinct the area’s precise meaning and significance? To what extent are those Other Features of Value an inextricable part of the area’s wilderness character?

Certain uses prohibited “except as necessary to meet minimum requirments for the administration of the area for the purpose of this Act.” Wilderness Act, Section 4(c)

Certain uses prohibited “except as necessary to meet minimum requirments for the administration of the area for the purpose of this Act.” Wilderness Act, Section 4(c) “ the purpose ” is to preserve wilderness character

Certain uses prohibited “except as necessary to meet minimum requirments for the administration of the area for the purpose of this Act.” Wilderness Act, Section 4(c) “ the purpose ” is to preserve wilderness character NOT to facilitate public uses

“A wilderness...(4) may also contain ecological, geological, or other features of scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value.” Wilderness Act, Section 2(c)

“A wilderness...(4) may also contain ecological, geological, or other features of scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value.” Wilderness Act, Section 2(c)

“A wilderness...(4) may also contain ecological, geological, or other features of scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value.” Wilderness Act, Section 2(c) “The make-up, shape, proportions, form, or outward appearance of something.”

“A wilderness...(4) may also contain ecological, geological, or other features of scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value.” Wilderness Act, Section 2(c) “The make-up, shape, proportions, form, or outward appearance of something.” “Any prominent or distinctive aspect or quality.

“A wilderness...(4) may also contain ecological, geological, or other features of scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value.” Wilderness Act, Section 2(c)

“A wilderness...(4) may also contain ecological, geological, or other features of scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value.” Wilderness Act, Section 2(c)