Lecture 4 Precipitation (1)

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Moisture, Clouds, and Precipitation
Advertisements

Chapter 4 Moisture and Atmospheric Stability
Chapter 5 Atmospheric Moisture. The process whereby molecules break free of liquid water is known as evaporation. The opposite process is condensation,
Atmospheric Stability
Moist Processes ENVI1400: Lecture 7. ENVI 1400 : Meteorology and Forecasting2 Water in the Atmosphere Almost all the water in the atmosphere is contained.
Elevation It gets colder the higher in elevation you go. As air rises, it expands because of lower air pressure. As the air expands, it cools. When air.
Chapter 3 Water in the atmosphere. 3.1 Introduction Water: only 0 to 4% by volume No water  no rainbow No water  no thunderstorm No water  no life.
Tephigrams ENVI1400 : Lecture 8.
Class 4a: Atmospheric moisture. Introduction to water Earth’s temperature  special properties of water.
Outline Further Reading: Chapter 06 of the text book - stability and vertical motions - five examples - orographic precipitation Natural Environments:
Precipitation Processes: Why does it fall on us?.
Lecture 12: Atmospheric moisture (Ch 5) Achieving saturation by mixing parcels of air cooling to the dewpoint the dry adiabatic and saturated adiabatic.
Moisture and Atmospheric Stability
Dew, frost and fogs.
Part 2. Water in the Atmosphere Chapter 5. Atmospheric Moisture.
Atmospheric Moisture Tutorial Start.
Water in the Atmosphere. Water Cycle: a)Ice – solid b)Water – liquid c)Water Vapor – gas 3 States of Water in Atmosphere.
Chapter 23 Section 2 Review Page 586 #‘s 1-6 “Clouds and Fog”
Lapse Rates and Stability of the Atmosphere
Warm Up 3/14 Which gas is most important for understanding atmospheric processes? a. water vapor c. carbon dioxide b. oxygen d. ozone What is true.
Water’s Changes of State 15 Water in the Atmosphere  Precipitation is any form of water that falls from a cloud.  When it comes to understanding atmospheric.
Global Water Cycle and Atmospheric Moisture
Atmospheric Stability
Water in the Atmosphere I. Atmospheric Moisture Water exists on Earth in 3 forms:  Liquid  Solid (ice)  Gas.
Water in the Atmosphere
 Important gases in atmosphere as they relate to atmospheric pressure  State Change of water  Humidity and dew points affecting weather  Explain motion.
Chapter 4 Moisture and Atmospheric Stability. Steam Fog over a Lake.
The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12th
Moisture and Clouds Weather Unit When you see this megaphone, Click it for audio information Weather Unit When you see this megaphone, Click it for audio.
Lesson 15 Adiabatic Processes
MET 102 Pacific Climates and Cultures Lecture 5: Water and Rising Air.
Chapter 18: Water, Clouds, and Precipitation. Water in the Atmosphere The amount of water vapor in the air can vary from 0-4% by volume depending on location.
Objectives Review Vocabulary
Moisture, Clouds, and Precipitation. Water in the Atmosphere  Precipitation is any form of water that falls from a cloud.  When it comes to understanding.
Atmospheric Properties II Martin Visbeck DEES, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
Water in the Atmosphere Evaporation Condensation and Cloud Formation.
Forms of Precipitation By: Flavio Gutierrez. Precipitation Any product of condensation of atmospheric water vapour Main forms of Precipitation: – Rain.
Water in the Atmosphere Monroe Chapter 24, Sections 1 and 2 and
Atmosphere Chapter 11.2 & 11.3.
Lab 6: Saturation & Atmospheric Stability
Water in the Atmosphere
Atmospheric Moisture Lapse Rate By K. Y. NG 105 Temp. °C Height (m) CondensationLevelDALR  10°C /  1000 m SALR  5°C.
What causes Clouds? What are their Names? Cumulus Stratus Cumulonimbus Cirrus.
Humidity Under what conditions do you see the above?
Office Hours Tue: 12:30 PM to 2:30 PM Wed: 9:00 AM to 10:30 AM & 12:00 PM to 2:00 PM Thr: 9:00 AM to 10:30 AM Course Syllabus can be found at:
Weather & Climate LECTURE 2 Moisture in the Atmosphere Evaporation and Condensation: accompanied by absorption/liberation of heat evaporation: energy.
Atmospheric Moisture. State Changes of Water Humidity Adiabatic Cooling What Makes Air Rise? Atmospheric Stability.
Exam 2 Review AOS 121 November Geostrophic Balance and Geostrophic Winds Balance between the pressure gradient force and Coriolis force Will.
CLOUDS.
Unit 7: Severe Weather Lecture 1 Objectives: E4.3f - Describe how mountains, frontal edging (including dry lines) convection, and convergence form clouds.
Guided Notes on Moisture in the Atmosphere Chapter 11, Section 3.
Atmospheric Stability, Clouds and Lapse Rates. Hot Air Rises or
Chapter 18.  Water vapor  Precipitation  Condensation  Latent heat  Heat is added but there is no temperature change because the heat is instead.
+ Moisture and Stability Chapter 4. + The Hydrologic Cycle Hydrologic Cycle: the circulation of Earth’s water supply The cycle illustrates the continuous.
Earth Science Chapter 18.1 – Water in the Atmosphere
Cloud Formation. Bell-work 1.Two ways to saturate air: 1.__________________ 2.__________________ 2. As air rises, it cools rate of _____°C / km 3. As.
Chapter 18 Moisture, Clouds, & Precipitation Water in the Atmosphere When it comes to understanding atmospheric processes, water vapor is the most.
Cloud Formation. Review LCL & Dew Point The Sun’s radiation heats Earth’s surface, the surrounding air is heated due to conduction and rises because of.
A Major Component of Earth’s Weather. The Hydrologic Cycle Water can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas on Earth. The movement of water from different reservoirs.
MOISTURE, CLOUDS & PRECIPITATION Chapter 18 * REMINDER - water vapor is the source of all precipitation. Water’s Changes of State 1) Melting- solid to.
Chapter 18 Moisture, Clouds, and Precipitation When it comes to understanding atmospheric processes, water vapor is the most important gas in the atmosphere!
Cloud Formation: Lifting Processes Atmospheric Lifting In order for air to form clouds, the air must be lifted and rise in altitude There are 4 types.
Stability, Adiabatic Processes, Precipitation
Monday’s lesson (At the end the lesson you will be able to…) Describe the changes in temperature with height through the lower layers of the atmosphere.
Chapter 18: Moisture, Clouds, and Precipitation
Precipitation Presentation
Lesson 1 Task 1 Can you draw a fully labelled diagram to show the ‘day model’ of radiation balance in the earth’s energy budget in 5 minutes on these.
Chapter 18.2 Cloud Formation.
Atmospheric Moisture Atmospheric moisture is a very important topic under the theme of climatic system. In this presentation, you can make use of photos.
Environmental lapse rate = 4°C/km
Presentation transcript:

Lecture 4 Precipitation (1) Definition Formation Cloud formation Terms to remember

Precipitation Definition Precipitation includes all processes that the Earth’s surface receives water from the atmosphere: rainfall, drizzle, dew and mist in liquid forms, and snow and hail in solid forms   Formation Precipitation is formed in the atmosphere by condensation and coalescence of water droplets or ice crystals

Saturated water vapor pressure vs. temperature Jones (1997), Chapter 2

Terms to Remember (1) 1. Water vapour: a gaseous water molecule   2. Vapour pressure: partial pressure of the atmosphere caused by the gaseous water in the atmosphere. Pressure is the force exerted on a unit surface. The unit is Pascal (Nm-2, where the force unit N is Newton. 1 N=1 kg ms-2), or mb (=100 Pascal) 3. Saturated vapour pressure: the maximum amount of water vapour that the air can hold at a certain temperature. It is a function of temperature.

Terms to Remember (2) 4. Dew point: for a given amount of water vapour in the air, the temperature can be decreased to a point where the air becomes saturated. This point is the dew point   5. Temperature lapse rate: the rate at which the air temperature decreases with height 6. Environmental lapse rate (ELR): the temperature lapse rate in the environment surrounding an ascending or descending air parcel. It is about 6 C/km 7. Adiabatic process: air parcel ascending or descending without exchange of heat with the environment, i.e., no mixing between the air parcel and the ambient air

Terms to Remember (3)   8. Dry adiabatic lapse rate (DALR): the decrease of air temperature with height in the ascending air parcel without water condensation. It is about 9.8 C/km 9. Saturated adiabatic lapse rate (SALR): the decrease of air temperature with height in the ascending air parcel with water condensation. As the condensation release heat, SALR is smaller than DALR 10. Condensation level: height at which the temperature of an ascending air parcel decreases to the dew point (the air parcel become saturated). Clouds form above this level 11. Unstable air: ELR>SALP, or ELR>DALR

Cloud Formation Clouds form under two basic conditions: (1) air is saturated (2) condensation nuclei are available

Cooling-Saturation Mechanisms (1) Cooling due to lifting: (i) thermal lifting: under unstable conditions, i.e., ELR>SALP or ELR>DALP, the air parcel is forced to lift, causing cooling as it rises to higher levels where the air pressure is lower. At lower ambient pressure, the parcel expands, resulting in cooling; (ii) Orographic lifting: lifting of air parcel can also be caused by air moving across mountain ranges; (iii) mechanical lifting: when two air masses converge (collide with each other), one of both will be lifted. These are the main causes for cloud formation. (2) Cooling due to radiation: longwave radiation emission cools the surface and then the air near the surface. This is the main cause for dew and mist formation. (3) Cooling due to advection: horizontal movement of air into a cooler air mass or over a cooler surface.