Cave-Bat Population Trends and White-nose Syndrome in Vermont

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Presentation transcript:

Cave-Bat Population Trends and White-nose Syndrome in Vermont Alyssa bennett Vermont fish & wildlife department

Northern long-eared bat Cave Bats Migratory Tree Bats Federally Endangered State Endangered Federally Threatened State Threatened J Chenger Eastern small-footed bat Silver-haired bat J Kiser Big brown bat Indiana bat Northern long-eared bat J Kiser Little brown bat Hoary bat Tri-colored bat Eastern red bat Vermont Bat Species

Bat Monitoring History in Vermont 1930s to 60s WH Davis and HB Hitchcock, Middlebury College 1980s forward VT Fish &Wildlife with assistance from the organized Caving Community Green Mountain National Forest, Army Corps of Engineers, Consultants, 2008-2010 White-nose Syndrome monitoring and population assessment 2011-Present Conservation and Recovery planning, National Wildlife Refuges 2016 North American Bat Monitoring Project

Population Monitoring Tools Colony monitoring Winter hibernacula surveys Summer maternity roost surveys Incidental reports Health Department rabies submissions Citizen reports of sightings and colonies Capture surveys Summer mist net surveys Fall swarm surveys Spring emergence surveys Acoustic surveys Stationary Driving Transect

Population Viability Factors Major threats: Natural history limitations: White-nose Syndrome Wind energy development Loss of habitat and connectivity Human disturbance Biodiversity decline (insects) Climate change? Low reproductive rate High site-fidelity Limited suitable habitat (hibernacula) Vulnerability to disturbance when flightless, when hibernating, and when in torpor Migratory

White-nose Syndrome Fungal disease Psychrophilic Invasive Differential mortality among species Persists without bats N. Heaslip, NYDEC WNS is in 27 states 5 Canadian provinces Bats can heal Studying survivors Photo:

2010 Cave-Bat Population Assessment

Myotis septentrionalis Fall Swarm Surveys Mine in Strafford Year Myotis lucifugus Myotis septentrionalis Bats/Trap Hour 2002 707 132 58.1 2005 160 156 73.1 2006 721 205 163.1 2008 87 6 25.7 2009 1 0.2

Summer Mist Net Surveys No. Sites Myotis lucifugus Captured Myotis septentrionalis Captured Pre-WNS 30 339 82 Post WNS (2010) 28 2 5

Acoustic Bat Calls Rutland County 2007 - 2010 Myotis septentrionalis Myotis lucifugus

Maternity Colony Exit Counts 2010 Survey Results Survey Type Mylu Myse Myle Myso Pesu Epfu Hibernacula Surveys -76% -97% +85% +11% +18% +39% Spring Emergence -81% - Summer Mist-Net 1 -99% -93% -54% -75% -40% Maternity Colony Exit Counts Grandpa’s Knob Acoustic -84% +121% +430% VFWD Acoustic 2 -88% 0% Camp Johnson 2 -91% Middlebury Acoustic Fall Swarm -100%

Human Disturbance

Little Brown (Myotis lucifugus) Year Little Brown (Myotis lucifugus) Northern Long-eared (Myotis septentrionalis) Indiana (Myotis sodalis) Eastern small-footed (Myotis leibii) Tri-colored/ eastern pipistrelle (Perymyotis subflavus) Big Brown (Eptesicus fuscus) Unknown Myotis species TOTAL COUNT 2015 75 1 dead 4 79 2014 83 2013 78 3 81 2012 103 2 105 2011 72 1 10 2010 174 8 185 2009 608 5 617 2007 594 21 9 627 2004 457 32 7 31 527 2001 344 11 13 44 412 1998 276 23 300 1994 212 227 1992 244 258 1991 194 16 224 1986 180 17 200 1946 61 14 77

Ecosystem Implications Bats are the main predator of nocturnal insects Eat up to half their weight in insects each night Research demonstrates increased crop damage when bats are excluded Prey include agricultural, human, and forest pests Lepidoptera Coleoptera Not all bats are equal: Different species forage on different prey Great information gaps Most ecosystem implications are yet unknown