 The removal of cellular wastes (liquids and gases)  It does NOT involve solid wastes

 Carbon dioxide – aerobic respiration  Water – aerobic respiration  Urea – nitrogen waste that is a result of the break down of amino acids  Mineral Salts – breakdown of compounds in the cell

 Harmful to the cells  Disrupts homeostasis

 What role does blood play in excretion?

 Cell  Wastes  Plasma  Excretory Organs  Removal from the body

 Skin  Lungs (2)  Liver  Kidneys (2)  Urinary System

 Epidermis (thin top layer)  Dermis (contains blood vessels, bones, and muscle)  Sweat glands and Sebaceous glands (oil) to moisturize skin  Perspiration (ie: Sweat)– nitrogen wastes (urea), salts, and water leave the skin through pores to regulate body temperature.

 Excrete carbon dioxide and water vapor as a waste product of respiration 

 Largest internal organ  Produces urea by breaking down excess amino acids  Removes poisons (alcohol) from the blood  Stores excess sugars

 Kidneys  Ureter  Urinary bladder  Urethra

 Kidney Thefts Shock India  Fighting drowsiness, he fumbled beneath the unfamiliar folds of a green medical gown and traced his fingers over a bandage attached with surgical tape. An armed guard by the door told him that his kidney had been removed. Mr. Mohammed was the last of about 500 Indians whose kidneys were removed by a team of doctors running an illegal transplant operation, supplying kidneys to rich Indians and foreigners, police officials said.drowsiness

Made up of millions of nephrons – subunit of the kidneys that actually does the filtering  Filter wastes from the blood and makes urine 8. Kidneys

 Urea – nitrogen wastes that result from the break down of proteins  Mineral Salts – result from the break down of compounds in the cell  Excess water  Some water  Vitamins  Blood cells  Proteins  Glucose

 1. Renal Artery- supplies (dirty) blood to kidneys  2. Renal Vein- filtered (clean) blood leaves kidney  3. Renal Cortex  4. Renal Medulla  5. Renal Pelvis

 Tube that connects the kidneys to the urinary bladder.  Transports urine (urea and water) 9 and 6. Ureter

 Sac-like organ that stores urine 10. Urinary Bladder

 Tube that is connected to the urinary bladder  Where urine leaves the body 11. Urethra

 Releases adrenaline

 1. Bowman’s capsule– acts as a filter  3. Renal artery  4. Glomerulus- Brings blood to kidneys  5. Capillary network  6. Renal vein  8. Loop of Henle- where water is reabsorbed  10. Collection tubule- where more salts are reabsorbed  9. Collecting Duct- liquid in duct is turned into urine when water and salt are removed

 Kidney stones  Gout  Kidney Failure  Bacterial Infections

 Collection of solid material that may block the kidney, ureters, bladder  Results from a diet too high in protein

 Uric acid build up in the bones and joints  Uric Acid is solid crystals within liquid waste.

 Total shut down of both kidneys  Treated with a Dialysis machine

 Urinary tract and bladder infections  Common in infants and elderly  Common in females  Treated with antibiotics