Theories of Human Nature 4220 6.0 D. Lecture: Introduction zOntological problem: What is human nature? zEpistemological problem: How does one know what.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

© Michael Lacewing Innate ideas Michael Lacewing.

Advertisements

© Michael Lacewing Empiricism on the origin of ideas Michael Lacewing

Innate ideas Michael Lacewing © Michael Lacewing.

Descartes’ rationalism

Making Sense of Kant Faced the twin issues of Western philosophy: individual v collective meaning v emptiness Lived and taught in the late 1700s Opened.

Charting the Terrain of Knowledge-1

Newton and psychology Thanks to Newton, scientists and philosophers know that the world is controlled by absolute natural laws, so the inconsistencies.

Sources of knowledge: –Sense experience (empiricism) –Reasoning alone (rationalism) We truly know only that of which we are certain (a priori). Since sense.

René Descartes The father of modern Western philosophy and the epistemological turn Methodological doubt, his dreaming argument and the evil.

Rationalism: Knowledge Is Acquired through Reason, not the Senses We know only that of which we are certain. Sense experience cannot guarantee certainty,

Epistemology: the study of the nature, source, limits, & justification of knowledge Rationalism: we truly know only that of which we are certain. Since.

© Michael Lacewing Plato and Hume on Human Understanding Michael Lacewing

Education 173 Cognition and Learning in Educational Settings Constructivism Fall Quarter 2007.

CHAPTER FIVE: THE SOURCES OF KNOWLEDGE P H I L O S O P H Y A Text with Readings ELEVENTH EDITION M A N U E L V E L A S Q U E Z.

Modern Philosophers Rationalists –Descartes –Spinoza –Leibniz Empiricists –Locke –Berkeley –Hume Epistemology - the theory of knowledge (what and how we.

Epistemology Revision

Definitions of Reality (ref . Wiki Discussions)

TOK learning objectives

© Michael Lacewing Reason and experience Michael Lacewing

Epistemology Section 1 What is knowledge?

Epistemology, Part I Introduction to Philosophy Jason M. Chang.

Can you learn this? You have 2 minutes. Then you will try and write it down word for word “if you can conceive it to be possible for any mixture or combination.

What is the meaning of this? A (very) brief introduction to epistemology epistemology.

Epistemology ► Area of Philosophy that deals with questions concerning knowledge ► Philosophy of Knowledge.

© Michael Lacewing Hume and Kant Michael Lacewing co.uk.

© Michael Lacewing Kant on conceptual schemes Michael Lacewing osophy.co.uk.

Definitions of Reality (ref. Wiki Discussions). Reality Two Ontologic Approaches What exists: REALISM, independent of the mind What appears: PHENOMENOLOGY,

Kantian Constructivism

Epistemology ► Area of Philosophy that deals with questions concerning knowledge ► Philosophy of Knowledge.

L ECTURE 15: C ERTAINTY. T ODAY ’ S L ECTURE In Today’s Lecture we will: 1.Review Hume’s radical empiricism and its consequences 2.Outline and investigate.

Social Research and the Internet Welcome to the Second Part of this Course! My name is Maria Bakardjieva.

Philosophy Begins with wonder, curiosity, exploration Begins with wonder, curiosity, exploration  Big issues: the nature of humanity, the meaning of culture,

Philosophical Roots of Education

Certainty and Truths.

Epistemology (How do you know something?)  How do you know your science textbook is true?  How about your history textbook?  How about what your parents.

Immanuel Kant ( ) “ The Synthesizer ”. Synthesized Rationalism and Empiricism We learn through our senses, but we also must use reason to make.

1 John Locke’s Theory of Knowledge ( ). 2 Empiricist All knowledge is derived from experience.

Criticisms of Rationalism. Necessary Truths: All a priori knowledge, can come from deductive arguments or by definition of the words. Examples: Contingent.

An Outline of Descartes's Meditations on First Philosophy

Epistemology: Theory of Knowledge Question to consider: What is the most reliable method of knowing?

TOK: Ways of Knowing Sense Perception. ‘ He who has been bitten by a snake fears a piece of string’ Persian proverb.

WEEK 4: EPISTEMOLOGY Introduction to Rationalism.

Epistemology TIPS 1. What is Truth & Knowledge? 2. How can one determine truth from falsehood? 3. What are the pre- suppositions to knowledge?

Knowledge Theories of Knowledge.

Introduction to Philosophy Descartes’ First Meditation

The Origin of Knowledge

Philosophy: Questions and Theories Chapter 10

The Search for Knowledge

Intuition and deduction thesis (rationalism)

Philosophy and History of Mathematics

Philosophy of Mathematics 1: Geometry

Major Periods of Western Philosophy

Michael Lacewing Hume and Kant Michael Lacewing © Michael Lacewing.

Rationalism –versus- Empiricism

John Locke and modern empiricism

On your whiteboard: What is empiricism? Arguments/evidence for it?

Plato and Hume on Human Understanding

Common Ideas about Truth

Major Periods of Western Philosophy

Rationalism: we truly know only that of which we are certain

Rene Descartes Father of Modern Philosophy b. March in La Haye France wrote Meditations in 1641 d. February

Introduction to Epistemology

Philosophy April 19th Objective Opener

Epistemology – The study of knowledge

Rationalism –versus- Empiricism

What is Epistemology?.

Age of Reason: Philosophy and Ideas

Presentation transcript:

Theories of Human Nature D

Lecture: Introduction zOntological problem: What is human nature? zEpistemological problem: How does one know what human nature is? How do I know?

Epistemology zWhat is the essence of knowledge? zKnowledge is: yA process yA result yObjective ySubjective yAbsolute yRelative

Is knowledge possible? Kant’s context: zDogmatism: Simple confidence in the ability to achieve knowledge. zSkepticism: Doubting the possibilities of knowledge. zCriticism: Knowledge is possible under certain circumstances.

What is the relationship between reality and knowledge zRealism: There exists a reality independent of our mind. zIdealism: Reality is constructed in our mind (e.g., solipsism: reality exists only in my imagination).

What are the means for achieving knowledge? zAuthority: Reference to institutions, teachers, books. zRationalism: Knowledge can (only) be obtained through human reason (lat. ratio). A priori knowledge. E.g., R. Descartes. zEmpiricism: Knowledge derives from our senses and experience. Knowledge is developed a posteriori. E.g., J. Locke ( ).

What are the means for achieving knowledge? zKant's Criticism: Merging rationalism and empiricism. “Concepts without perceptions are empty, perceptions without concepts are blind.” zIrrationalism: Knowledge through intuition, emotion, revelation. Truth in painting, in literature, in music! zPragmatism: Emphasizes the practical consequences of theories, definitions, ideas, and concepts.