Statistics of World War I July 28, years, 3 months, 14 days $186 billion 37 million 10 million 11 th hour of the 11 th day of the 11 th month

MAIN M ilitarism A lliances I mperialism N ationalism All are causes of World War I

Triple Alliance Germany Austria- Hungary Italy*

Triple Entente Britain France Russia –Serbia

Archduke Franz Ferdinand – Heir to the Austrian Throne

Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie in Sarajevo (1914)Archduke FerdinandDuchess Sophie

The Major Players Great Britain – George V (David Lloyd George) Russia – Czar Nicholas II Germany – Kaiser Wilhelm II Italy – Vittorio Orlando France – George Clemeceau United States – Woodrow Wilson Clip 1Clip 2

Countries in First World War Standing Armies & Reserves in August 1914 Mobilized Forces in Russia5,971,00012,000,000 France4,017,0008,410,000 Great Britain975,0008,905,000 Italy1,251,0005,615,000 United States200,0004,355,000 Japan800,000 Romania290,000750,000 Serbia200,000707,000 Belgium117,000267,000 Greece230,000 Portugal40,000100,000 Montenegro50,000 Germany4,500,00011,000,000 Austria-Hungary3,000,0007,800,000 Turkey210,0002,850,000 Bulgaria280,0001,200,000

Countries Total Mobilized Killed & Died Wounded Prisoners & Missing Total Casualties Casualties % of Mobilized Allied Powers Russia12,000,0001,700,0004,950,0002,500,0009,150, France8,410,0001,357,8004,266,000537,0006,160, British Empire8,904,467908,3712,090,212191,6523,190, Italy5,615,000650,000947,000600,0002,197, United States4,355,000126,000234,3004,500364, Japan800, , Romania750,000335,706120,00080,000535, Serbia707,34345,000133,148152,958331, Belgium267,00013,71644,68634,65993, Greece230,0005,00021,0001,00017, Portugal100,0007,22213,75112,31833, Montenegro50,0003,00010,0007,00020, Total42,188,8105,152,11512,831,0044,121,09022,104,

Countries Total Mobilized Killed & Died Wounded Prisoners & Missing Total Casualties Casualties % of Mobilized Central Powers Germany11,000,0001,773,7004,216,0581,152,8007,142, Austria-Hungary7,800,0001,200,0003,620,0002,200,0007,020, Turkey2,850,000325,000400,000250,000975, Bulgaria1,200,00087,500152,39027,029266, Total22,850,0003,386,2008,388,4483,629,82915,404, Grand Total65,038,8108,538,31521,219,4527,750,91937,508,

Allied PowersCost in Dollars in United States22,625,253,000 Great Britain35,334,012,000 France24,265,583,000 Russia22,293,950,000 Italy12,413,998,000 Belgium1,154,468,000 Romania1,600,000,000 Japan40,000,000 Serbia399,400,000 Greece270,000,000 Canada1,665,576,000 Australia1,423,208,000 New Zealand378,750,000 India601,279,000 South Africa300,000,000 British Colonies125,000,000 Others500,000,000 Total of all Costs125,690,477,000

Central PowersCost in Dollars in Germany37,775,000,000 Austria-Hungary20,622,960,000 Turkey1,430,000,000 Bulgaria815,200,000 Total of all Costs60,643,160,000

Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie in Sarajevo (1914)Archduke FerdinandDuchess Sophie

Trench Warfare

Trench System

No Man’s Land No Man's Land is the term used by soldiers to describe the ground between the two opposing trenches. Its width along the Western Front could vary a great deal. The average distance in most sectors was about 250 yards (230 metres). However, at Guillemont it was only 50 yards (46 metres) whereas at Cambrai it was over 500 yards (460 metres). The narrowest gap was at Zonnebeke where British and German soldiers were only about seven yards apart.Western FrontCambrai

C. R. W. NevinsonC. R. W. Nevinson, Paths of Glory (1917)

Walking on Duck-Boards

Conditions in the Trenches Beware!! Kind of gross!!

Latrines The latrines was the name given to trench toilets. They were usually pits, 4 ft. to 5 ft. deep, dug at the end of a short sap. Each company had two sanitary personnel whose job it was to keep the latrines in good condition. In many units, officers gave out sanitary duty as a punishment for breaking army regulations. Before a change-over in the trenches, the out-going unit was supposed to fill in its latrines and dig a new one for the new arrivals.

Lack of Sanitation Dysentery Trench Mouth Trench Foot Body Lice

Dysentery Dysentery is a disease involving the inflammation of the lining of the large intestines. The inflammation causes stomach pains and diarrhea. Some cases involve vomiting and fever. The bacteria enters the body through the mouth in food or water, and also by human feces and contact with infected people.

Army engineers establishing water points in the communication trenches

Beware…

Trench Foot