By: Adam and Andrew Gubler Language Development By: Adam and Andrew Gubler

6 Stages of Language development Pre-linguistic Stage(0-10 months) One Word Sentence Stage(10-18 months) Two Word Sentence Stage(18-24 months) Multiple Word Sentence Stage(2-3 years old) More Complex Grammatical Structure(3-5 years) Adult-like Language Structure(6 years+)

Pre-linguistic Stage The child needs to hear the language to be able to learn the language. By 6 months the baby can tell if someone is speaking a foreign language or the native language of the baby The baby understands rhythm, syllables, sounds, and cadence of spoken words

One Word Sentence Stage By 10 months the child understands around 10 words Fis phenomenon occurs Overextension Under-extension Learn about 2 words per week Understand 10 times more than they can speak

Two Word Sentence Stage Naming Explosion happens Learn 50-100 words per month Cultural Differences North America concentrates on nouns East Asia concentrates on human interaction Start to learn grammar

Multiple Word Sentence Stage By 2 years old the child knows about 500 words Continue learning grammar and words, start to learn more verbs

More Complex Grammatical Structure By 3 the child uses correct word order use plurals, tenses, and articles(ex. the, a) correctly Grammar correlates with the size of the child’s vocabulary Grammar also helps the child understand what people are saying better

Adult-like Language Structure By 6, the child knows 10,000 words Fast-mapping Learn 20 words per day More flexible and logical use of grammar and vocabulary Can use and understand metaphors Learn formal and informal codes

Hypotheses About Language Development in Children Infants need to be taught(B.F. Skinner) Infants teach themselves(Noam Chomsky) Social impulses foster infant language learning

Infants Need to Be Taught Language learned step by step through association and reinforcement Parents are expert teachers Learn through frequent repetition Well taught children will be well spoken children If you want children to speak, understand, and read well, you need to talk to them

Infants Teach Themselves Language learning is innate Language cannot be learned step by step “Universal Grammar” The mind is ready to learn whatever language is offered The caregiver is a nutrient to learning a language but not the “trigger”

Social Impulses Foster Infant Language Learning People are social so the child will try to communicate any way it can Children like the attention from trying to speak Learn more through the emotional message, rather than the words used Learn better through personal contact than through video

Bilingualism Children under 6 keep languages distinct but have the same activation site on the brain In adults, languages usually have different activation sites Pronunciation errors do not slow down learning in children Children under 6 learn mostly just by listening to language In middle childhood, learn by listening and also are assisted by instruction in language Languages are best learned when connected with the culture After puberty, learning a new language becomes more difficult To learn a new language you need 3 thing To practice speaking the language Internal motivation to learn the language A reason the language is needed

Work Cited Webspace.ship.edu Psychology/ss/early-childhood-development_4.html www.learninginfo.org Invitation to the Life Span by: Kathleen Stassen Berger cafemom.com mercer.edu http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Xu-Ti4TrnEE/UGqlXiPci8I/AAAAAAAAAEU/YgKjPf50_Co/s1600/364843-5479-13.jpg childrenschoice.com