Getting to know the Periodic table Get out a textbook and turn to the inside back cover.

Periods The Periodic Table of Elements is so called because of the periodic trends in each row. Period = a row in the Periodic Table

Groups Groups = columns in the Period Table The elements in each group share properties

Families (Overview; only write first bullet) Families in the Periodic Table share properties. Often they are the same as groups, but not always. The families we’ll get to know are: Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Transition metals Halogens Noble gases Other categories we’ll learn are: Metals Non-metals Metalloids (semi-metals) Lanthanides Actinides

Metals, Nonmetals & metalloids (also overview - don’t copy this slide) There is a stair-step line on the right side of the Periodic Table. It separates the metals from the non-metals Along the line on either side are elements that show some properties of metals and some properties of non-metals. These are the metalloids.

Metals (Resume notes) Most of the elments are metals. They are found on the left side of the Periodic Table. Properties they share include: Solid at room temperature (except mercury) Shiny (reflective) Conduct electricity (and heat) well Maleable (they bend, not break) Ductile (you can make them into a wire)

Non-metals Non-metals are found in the upper right of the Periodic Table. Properties they share include: Poor conductors of electricity (and heat) Not shiny The solids are brittle (they break, not bend)

Metalloids Aka, semi-metals Have some metal and some non-metal properties Many are semi-conductors (conduct electricity under certain circumstances), making them useful in electronics. Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, Polonium, (and sometimes Astatine)

Alkali Metals Group 1, except Hydrogen Soft metals Most reactive elements in the PT - especially with halogens. More reactive toward bottom. Only one outer (valence) electron Video demo: &q=chemistry+sodium# &q=chemistry+sodium#

Alkaline earth metals Group 2 Very reactive (2nd only to the Alkali Metals) Just 2 outer (valence) electrons

Transition Metals The center block of elements Except for Mercury, most are very hard, with high melting points. Basically they all have complicated ways of packing more electrons into the atoms

Lanthanides & Actinides Lanthanides: Soft, silvery and very reactive (tarnishing in air and reacting slowly with water. Called “rare earths”, many are not so rare Actinides: All are radioactive Both these groups have complex ways of packing in more electrons

Halogens Group 17 (7A) Non-metals Very reactive, especially with Alkali Metals and Alkaline Earth Metals More reactive toward top 7 outer (valence) electrons

Noble Gases Group 18 (8A) They are inert: don’t chemically react (combine) with other elements unless forced to do so All are gases Full/complete outer (valence) shell of electrons

Homework Read Lesson10, pg Do questions 4-8