CJ Heykoop Amanda Mathy Ashleigh Windel Hunter Dolan

WHO: Americans between the ages of 13 and 24 WHAT: HIV is spread through infected bodily fluids through means of sexual intercourse, blood transfusions, needle usage, or from an infected mother to her fetus. It kills or damages the body’s immune system slowly over a period of about 10 years. AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV when an individual is at high risk to develop an “opportunistic” infection because his or her immune system is severely compromised. WHERE: We focused in on the occurrence of HIV/AIDS in the United States. WHEN: Many of the studies we found took place in 2010 and WHY: To make the general public more aware of how big of an issue HIV/AIDS is in today’s society.

Sexually Active Sexually Transmitted Diseases Injecting drugs and other substance abuse Babies born from infected mothers Birth Control Blood Transfusions Having fewer copies of a gene that helps to fight HIV

People who live in poverty Prevalence of HIV and other STDs in a community Language barriers and immigration concerns Higher rates of undiagnosed or untreated STDs Higher rates of incarceration among men Discrimination and homophobia

“ If you have HIV/AIDS you are…” Homosexual, addicted to drugs, a prostitute, dirty, contagious or promiscuous. -HIV/AIDS is a life-threatening disease which causes people to react to it in strong ways.

Age 13 to 24 Male or Female LGBT or Straight Education middle school through college education Any ethnicity or race Incarcerated or free

Everyone has needs that must be met to ensure optimal health. Behaviors are often driven by needs. Everyone meets their needs in unique ways.

Adolescent Health Blood Disorders and Blood Safety Educational and Community-Based Programs Family Planning Global Health HIV LGBT Health Sexually Transmitted Diseases Substance Abuse

Get tested Stay protected, use a condom. Don't share needles, syringes, or equipment used to prepare injection drugs or to inject them. For mothers, do not breastfeed if you have a newborn and are HIV-positive. Talk to a doctor about getting tested for HIV if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.

HIV/AIDS is not only contracted through sexual contact but also through needle and syringe drug use. Interesting prevention method: needle and syringe exchange.

Injection drug users (IDUs) are at highest risk for HIV infection Study had active IDUs fill out a survey then get tested for HIV/AIDS –Survey included questions about needle and other paraphanelia sharing along with sexual risk behaviors –Also asked if IDU had ever been tested before HIV/AIDS 93% said they had been previously tested –White women were more likely to have been tested compared to other groups It was estimated from the study that there are 39,330 IDUs in the U.S. that are unaware of being HIV positive

Criteria 1.Detection 2.Treatment is beneficial 3.Reliable 4.Cost

-Unfortunately there is still no real cure for HIV/AIDS. The best thing that we can do as healthcare providers is make people more aware of how serious of an issue it is in our society. By taking proper preventative measures the incidence rate of HIV/AIDS is more likely to decrease in the upcoming years. -The FDA has approved more than 25 antiretroviral drugs to treat HIV infection. They usually recommend a combination of the two categories of antiretrovirals. Together, these drugs can lower one’s viral load, fight infections, and improve an individual’s quality of life.

amfAR: The Foundation for AIDS Research. (2013, October). Statistics: United States. Retrieved from Healthy People 2010, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from Heimer, R., Grau, L., Curtin, E., Khoshnood, K., & Singer, M. Assessment of HIV Testing of Urban Injection Drug Users: Implications for Expansion of HIV Testing and Prevention Efforts. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 110. Retrieved July 23, 2014, from web.a.ebscohost.com.libcat.ferris.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=32cd181d-93e5-4ace c69dbe849297%40sessionmgr4005&vid=2&hid=4209http://0- HIV Surveillance Report: Diagnoses of HIV Infection and AIDS in the United States and Dependent Areas. (2013). CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 23. Retrieved from Johnson, K. (2012, August 10). HIV Risk Factors: Are You Risking Your Life?. WebMD. Retrieved July 14, 2014, from Libman, H. Screening for HIV Infection. The Journal of American Medical Association, 306. Retrieved July 14, 2014, from Marrazzo, J.M., Rio, C., Holtgrave, D., Cohen, M., Kalichman, S., Mayer, K., Montaner, J., Wheeler, D., Grant, R., Grinsztejn, B., Kumarasamy, N., Shoptaw, S., Walensky, R., Dabis, F., Sugarman, J., & Benson, C. (2014). HIV prevention in clinical care settings. The Journal of the American Medial Association. doi: /jama Maville, J., & Huerta, C. (2013). Health promotion in nursing (3 rd ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2012, January 30). What Are the Risks of a Blood Transfusion? U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from Reducing stigma and discrimination related to HIV and AIDS. (2004). Engender Health. Retrieved from Socioeconomic Factors Affecting HIV Risk. (2013, July 15). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved July 14, 2014, from