Evaluating Credible Sources Primary Source:

What can the URL tell you? What is the domain type?.gov,.mil,.edu., org..us/.uk/.de? --Country codes no longer tightly controlled. --.org no longer just for not-for-profits Who is the sponsor/publisher of the page? Is there a publisher?? -- Generally found between and the first / … lib.berkeley.edu (UC Berkeley Library) e.g Reputable publications will have a copyright or permission to reproduce, usually at the bottom of the page. No publisher? Is it somebody’s personal page? --No publisher domain  what are the author’s credentials? e.g. Ralph Schuster: 38 years old; IT Manager in Frankfurt, Germany

Scan the Page for More Information Look for “About Us,” “Background,” etc. Can’t find anything? Shorten the URL: Delete the characters stopping before each / (leave the slash) e.g.  Who Wrote the Page? --Who is responsible for the page? A Person? Organization? Agency? Institution? What are the author’s credentials? --Is the page written by a self-proclaimed expert, or does ( s)he have credentials? --Is it an extreme view, possibly distorted or exaggerated? When was it written? Is it current?

Look for Indicators of Quality Look for footnotes --In scholarly or research work, the author will cite the sources she uses in her work. If sources aren’t cited, it’s likely not reliable – and may just be an opinion! -- Where did the author get his information? Scholarly journals? Books? Or, websites with no publisher who edits the page or checks references? Look for “related links,” or “additional sites” --If the link doesn’t work, it doesn’t strengthen the credibility. Anyone can create a website – reputable organizations will maintain them. --Do the links contain information with opposing viewpoints or are they all biased? Always look for bias! -- Are they simply links within the site?

A Few, Final Questions to Ask … WHY was the page put on the web? -- To inform or explain --or to persuade? -- To share – or to sell, or entice? -- Was it meant to be funny, or a parody? -- Could it be a joke, or a hoax? Are YOU being objective? -- Are you looking at sources that only support what you want to prove?

Reliable, or NOT? Google “Mankato MN:

Unreliable! Mankato.us (click on link on Mankato pg) Hijacked by Sheikh Yarbouti Incorrect information  Not 165 degree water  Not 70 degrees in winter Not updated recently Google “Mankato MN– real website for city is

Reliable, or NOT? org/facts.html

Unreliable! DHMO (click link on DHMO page) Has a.org url, but not reliable Would a US Dept have a store? The US Environmental Assessment Center does not exist. If you break down the "substance" into simpler terms, DHMO is water –Repeated reference to DHMO being a COMPONENT of other substances: atomic component p.1, causative component p.3., component of acid rain p.3, etc; used as a solvent and coolant, by elite athletes, spray on fired retardant, etc. p.4. … and on an on.

Reliable, or NOT?

Unreliable! Molossia.org (click on link on Molossia pg) Domain type:.org Publisher/Sponsor: Republic of Molossia Mary Lane?? (Dayton, NV) East Germany is not a nation. Hasn’t been since late 80s. You can’t have a “micro-nation” in the United States Why was it put on the web? A hoax?? --No, its likely in the name of fun family located in Nevada, with an enclave in California

Exercise #1 Do a search on Morgellon's Disease. a. Write the bibliographic information for ONE of the sources that you feel is credible and explain why. b. Write the bibliographic information for ONE of the sources that you feel is not credible and explain why. For both a & b cite specific criteria from either the Powerpoint or the UCBerkeley link on evaluating sources. Be specific.

Exercise #2 1. Go to 2. Type in “A Brief Introduction to Holocaust Revisionism” 3. Click on the site with the shared name. a. What is the name of the journal? b. Who is the sponsor of the site? c. Cite the article as a source in MLA format 4. Briefly summarize the author’s position on the Holocaust a. Who is the author of the article? b. What are the author’s credentials? c. What sources does the author cite? d. What else can you find out about either the author or the site? 6. Determine if this is a Reliable Source Cite specific criteria from either this Powerpoint or the UC Berkeley link on evaluating sources. BE SPECIFIC.