Introduction to the Animal Kingdom

2/19/2016 Traits of the Animal Kingdom: All animals are Multicellular Eukaryotic Heterotrophic

2/19/2016 Use this slide for longer titles There are 9 phyla (pleural for phylum) in the Animal Kingdom and two subphyla: Subphyla: 1. Invertebrates: -an animal that lacks a backbone or notochord. -97% of all animals are invertebrates.

2/19/2016 Invertebrate subphyla is divided into 8 phylum: 1.Porifera 2.Cnideria 3.Platyhelminthes 4.Nematoda 5.Arthropods 6.Mollusks 7.Annelids 8.Echinoderms

2/19/2016 Subphyla: 1. Vertebrates: -an animal that has a backbone or spinal column. -3% of all animals are vertebrates.

2/19/2016 The Vertebrate subphyla contains only one phylum: 1.Chordates This phylum is divided into 7 classes. 1.Jawless fish 2. Cartilage fish 3. Boney fish 4. Amphibians 5. Reptiles 6. Aves 7. Mammals Hyperlink

2/19/2016 Body Plans found within the Animal Kingdom Asymmetrical: -has no definite shape

2/19/2016 Symmetrical: -arrangement of body parts around a center point. -Two types: -Radial symmetry -Bilateral symmetry

2/19/2016 Radial Symmetry: Radial means… Round -Can be divided into similar pieces by passing through many points.

2/19/2016 Bilateral symmetry: Bi means……… Two Lateral means… Line Can be divided into two similar halves when a line is drawn through a specific point.

What are we????????????? 2/19/2016

A quick review of body plans………. 2/19/2016

Anatomy Orientation: (Horse Sheet) 2/19/2016 Dorsal: Back area Ventral: Belly area Anterior: Front or head area Posterior: Back or tail end Lateral: Side Cranial/Cephalic Caudal/Anal

2/19/2016 Essential Functions for all organisms: 1. Respiration 2. Feeding/Digestive System 3. Response/Nervous System 4. Circulatory System 5. Reproduction System 6. Excretory System 7. Movement This leads to diversity in all living organisms

FEEDING: 2/19/2016 -all animals are heterotrophic - must obtain their food from another source. Types of feeding: Herbivore: Eats only plants Carnivores: Eats only animals

2/19/2016 Omnivores: Eats both plants and animals. Filter Feeders: Do not move Must filter out food from water Detritovores: Eat dead and decaying plants and animals Parasites: Feed off another organism (host) and harms the host.

2/19/2016 Types of Digestive Systems: Simplest: Two way digestive system Enters and exits out the same opening.

2/19/2016 More complex system: One way digestive system Enters and exits out different openings.

2/19/2016 Respiratory System: All animals must: -take in oxygen -give off carbon dioxide Small and aquatic (water) animals must: -respire through moist skin -called cutaneous respiration Larger animals: -have various forms of complex modes of respiration

Circulatory System: 2/19/2016 Used to transport items throughout the body. -oxygen -carbon dioxide -food molecules Small aquatic organisms simply transport items from water into their body by diffusion.

2/19/2016 Two types of circulatory systems: Open Circulatory Systems -Blood is only partially contained within a system of blood vessels. -One or more hearts or heart-like organs pump blood through vessels into surrounding tissues.

2/19/2016 Closed Circulatory Systems -A heart or heart like organ forces blood through vessels that extend throughout the body. -Closed circulatory systems are characteristic of larger, more active animals.

Excretory System: 2/19/2016 To rid the body of toxic, nitrogenous cellular waste -main nitrogenous waste is ammonia -ammonia must be eliminated OR -convert ammonia into a less toxic substance that can then be removed.

Response : 2/19/2016 Receptors used for detecting touch, sound and light. -utilizes the nervous system Some organisms have netlike arrangement of nerve nets which consist of individual nerve cells

2/19/2016 Cephalization: -concentration of sense organs and nerve cells in the front of the body forming a “head region”.

Movement: 2/19/2016 -some animals are sessile - nonmoving -most are mobile -uses a set of muscles to coordinate the motion. -muscles must be attached to the skeletal system.

Types of skeletal systems: 2/19/2016 Exoskeletons -An external skeleton - is a hard body covering - made up of chitin.

Endoskeleton: 2/19/2016 -Is a structural support located inside the body.

Reproduction: 2/19/2016 -Most animals reproduce sexually -requires what two things? -sperm -egg

Two types of sexual reproduction: 2/19/ Internal Fertilization:

2. External Fertilization: 2/19/2016 FISH

2/19/2016 Frogs

2/19/2016 Some simpler animals may reproduce asexually -one organism divides into 2 new identical organisms. Hydra and Planarians :

2/19/2016 Some organisms are hermaphrodites. -one organism has both male and female organs and sex cells. Hermaphrodites: