Network Mobility (NEMO) Advanced Internet 2004 Fall 2004/11/3 Hosik Cho hscho@mmlab.snu.ac.kr

Contents Introduction Mobile IPv6 Network Mobility References Basic Operation Route Optimization Return Routability Procedure Network Mobility Basic Support Extended Support Research Issues References

Mobility (1) Application Layer Mobility User Mobility Service Mobility SIP (session initiation protocol)

Mobility (2) Network Layer Mobility Terminal (Host) Mobility Mobile IPv4 & Mobile IPv6 Network Mobility NEMO Internet

Mobility (3) Transport Layer Mobility mSCTP Internet AR CN MN IP: 3.3.3.3 IP: 2.2.2.2 1.1.1.1 3.3.3.3 Step 3. Changing the primary IP address 2.2.2.2 Primary path change Internet AR CN MN IP: 3.3.3.3 IP: 2.2.2.2 Step 4. Deleting the old IP address from the SCTP association 2.2.2.2 3.3.3.3 DELETE IP Internet AR CN MN IP: 3.3.3.3 IP: 2.2.2.2 1.1.1.1 3.3.3.3 Step 1. Obtaining an IP address for a new location Internet AR CN MN IP: 3.3.3.3 IP: 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 3.3.3.3 Step 0. MN initiates an association with CN Internet AR CN MN IP: 3.3.3.3 IP: 2.2.2.2 1.1.1.1 3.3.3.3 Step 2. Adding the new IP address to the SCTP association ADDIP 2.2.2.2

Mobile IP IP addressing scheme is optimized for stationary environment Addresses are assigned to each interfaces Point of attachment changes  IP address changes Maintain transport and higher-layer connections

Mobile IP - Basic IP level, Routing-based approach Agent Discovery ICMP compatible protocol When moved / returned Agent advertisement / solicitation message Registration With FA(or MN) and HA Tunneling Encapsulation

Mobile IPv4 MN FA HA CN Agent Solicitation Agent Advertisement Registration Request Registration Reply Data received agent discovery registration tunneling MN FA HA CN Encapsulation Decapsulation

Equivalent Mobile IPv6 Concept MIPv4 vs. MIPv6 Mobile IPv4 Concept Equivalent Mobile IPv6 Concept Mobile node, home agent, foreign link (same) Mobile node’s home address Globally routable home address and link-local home address Foreign agent A “plain” IPv6 router on the foreign link (foreign agent no longer exists) Collocated care-of address Care-of address obtained via Agent Discovery, DHCP, or manually Care-of address obtained via Stateless Address Autoconfiguration, DHCP, or manually Agent Discovery Router Discovery Authenticated registration with home agent Authenticated notification of home agent and other correspondents Routing to mobile nodes via tunneling Routing to mobile node via tunneling and source routing Route optimization via separate protocol specification Integrated support for route optimization

Binding Acknowledgement Binding Acknowledgement Mobile IPv6 MN  CoA CN foreign link AR home link HA Bidirectional tunnel Binding Acknowledgement Binding Update MN  CoA Binding Acknowledgement Binding Update MN MN CN: Correspondent Node AR: Access Router HA: Home Agent MN: Mobile Node BU: Binding Update BA: Binding Acknowledgment HoA: Home Address CoA: Care-of Address Mobile IPv6 basic operation with Route Optimization

Mobile IPv6 (Cont’d) MN AR HA CN Intercept & Tunneling Router Solicitation Router Advertisement Binding Update Binding Acknowledgement User packet using Routing Header MN AR HA CN First User Packet (If CN doesn’t have binding information of MN) Intercept & Tunneling

Basic Operation Bidirectional Tunneling Route Optimization CN does not require Mobile IPv6 Packets to CN are tunneled to HA Reverse tunneling Route Optimization MN registers its binding at CN CN maintain Binding Cache Packets from CN can be routed directly to CoA of MN

Route Optimization Shortest communications path Eliminate congestion at MN’s HA and home link Reducing the impact of any possible failure of HA or home network IPv6 routing header Type 2 Home Address destination option Return routability procedure

Type 2 Routing Header Allow the packet to be routed directly from a CN to MN’s CoA Differ from regular IPv6 source routing Source : CN’s address Destination : MN’s CoA RH type 2 : MN’s HoA

Return Routability Procedure MN CN HA Node key (Kcn) Nonces Cookie Home Test Init (HoTI) Care-of Test Init (CoTI) compute keygen token Home Test (HoT) Keygen token  Kbm Nonce index Care-of Test (CoT) Binding Update (BU) Binding Acknowledgement (BA) draft-ietf-mobileip-ipv6-21.txt

Network Mobility (NEMO) NEMO manages the mobility of an entire network, viewed as a single unit Mobile Router (MR) similar to MN Extension in existing Mobile IPv6 Modified Binding Update message Many-to-one binding in Binding Cache

Terminology HA(Home Agent) MR(Mobile Router) MN(Mobile Node) LFN(Local Fixed Node) LMN(Local Mobile Node) VMN(Visiting Mobile Node) Mobile Network prefix CN foreign link AR home link HA HA MN’s home link MN Router LFN MR Router LFN MR VMN

Example MR LMN VMN MR VMN LFN AR

NEMO - problem Binding Cache has no entry for LFN !! CN Binding Cache: foreign link AR home link HA Binding Cache: 3ffe:306:1130:100:eui64 -> COA Listen NDP request for MR Binding cache has entry for MR HA answers with its address MR LFN Home address 3ffe:306:1130:100::eui64 COA 3ffe:306:5555:7777::eui64 3ffe:306:1130:200::eui64 Routing table Lookup for LFN MR is the next hop toward LFN NDP for MR Binding Cache has no entry for LFN !!

NEMO - solution Prefix Scope Binding Update (PSBU) draft-ernst-mobileip-v6-network-03.txt Mobile Router Tunneling Protocol (MRTP) draft-kniveton-mobrtr-03.txt Network Mobility Basic Support Protocol draft-ietf-nemo-basic-support-03.txt draft-ietf-nemo-terminology-02.txt draft-ietf-nemo-requirements-03.txt

NEMO basic support CN foreign link AR home link HA Binding Cache: 3ffe:306:1130:100:eui64 -> COA 3ffe:306:1130:200 /64 -> COA Binding Update 3ffe:306:1130:100:: /64 3ffe:306:5555:7777:: /64 MR LFN 3ffe:306:1130:200:: /64 Home address 3ffe:306:1130:100::eui64 3ffe:306:1130:200::eui64 MR LFN Home address 3ffe:306:1130:100::eui64 COA 3ffe:306:5555:7777::eui64 3ffe:306:1130:200:: /64 3ffe:306:1130:200::eui64

NEMO extended support Route Optimization Multihoming

Route Optimization CN HA (VMN) (MR2) (MR1) MR1 MR2 VMN

RO approaches draft-clausen-nemo-ro-problem-statement-00.txt draft-thubert-nemo-ro-taxonomy-03.txt draft-hkang-nemo-ro-tlmr-00.txt draft-jeong-nemo-ro-ndproxy-02.txt draft-leekj-nemo-ro-pd-02.txt draft-na-nemo-gen-ro-model-00.txt draft-na-nemo-nested-path-info-00.txt draft-ng-nemo-access-router-option-01.txt draft-ohnishi-nemo-ro-hmip-00.txt draft-thubert-nemo-reverse-routing-header-05.txt draft-wakikawa-nemo-orc-00.txt

Multihoming MR in Mobile Networks Single point of Failure Transit for all traffic Connected via Wireless Links High error rate and bursty errors Location-dependent and time-varying wireless link capacity Scarce bandwidth Power constraint of the mobile hosts

Multihoming (Cont’d) Motivation of Multhoming Session preservation Redundancy Failure recovery Load sharing Preference

Multihoming (Cont’d) AR Satellite network D:: MR Core IP network HA Cellular network WLAN network D:: C:: A:: B:: AR

Research Issues Mobile Router Advertisement Hierarchical information Power saving Route Optimization in nested NEMO Eliminate pinball routing NEMO Prefix delegation Dynamic NEMO prefix assignment

References IETF MIP6 WG Request For Comments: http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/mip6-charter.html http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/mip6/index.html Request For Comments: Mobility Support in IPv6 (RFC 3775) Using IPsec to Protect Mobile IPv6 Signaling between Mobile Nodes and Home Agents (RFC 3776)

References IETF NEMO WG I-Ds about Terminology and Requirements: http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/nemo-charter.html http://www.mobilenetworks.org/nemo/ I-Ds about Terminology and Requirements: draft-ietf-nemo-terminology-02.txt draft-ietf-nemo-requirements-03.txt NEMO Basic Solution draft-ietf-nemo-basic-support-03.txt