11.3 Use of Present Progressive 1) action in progress at the moment of speaking 2) action in progress at a period of time including the present. 3) future happening according to a definite plan or arrangement. 4) other meanings

1) To Denote an Action in Progress at the Moment of Speaking durative dynamic verbs A: what are you doing? B: I’m writing a letter.

2) To Denote an Action in Progress at a Period of Time Including the Present John is losing his hair. but not necessarily at the moment of speaking, that is, a temporary habit as distinguished from the permanent habit denoted by the simple present. He works in a chemical factory. He is working in a chemical factory these days. the present progressive  temporary the present  permanent

He lives in shanghai. He is now living in shanghai. Permanent residence Temporary residence

Note : present progressive  subjective when accompanied by an adverbial of frequency imparts an emotional colouring, often of annoyance or disapproval always continually constantly forever simple present  objective She complains about the house. She is constantly complaining about the house. The man is always boasting. The students are making progress constantly. It’s always raining here.

3) To denote a Future Happening According to a Definite Plan or Arrangement Mr. Cameron is leaving china in a few weeks. I’m going to Qingdao for the summer holiday. I’m changing my hotel. The sun is setting. She is dying. When you pass by the shop, please drop in. When you are passing by the shop, please drop in. 1. the near future 3. with a definite plan /arrangement /programme 2. with obvious future reference Features:

Present progressive for Decision ， Volition: I’m not leaving tomorrow. I’m not staying with you. When I grow up, I’m flying to the moon. In Temporal and Conditional Clause: I’ll think about it while you’re writing the report. If you are standing at the corner, I’ll give you a lift. there is future reference in the main clause

4) To Denote Other Meanings A: An action in the immediate past You don’t believe it? You know I’m telling the truth. I don’t know what you are talking about. communication verbs B: politer requests I’m hoping you’ll give us some advice. I’m wondering if I may have a word with you. What are you wanting?

C: For mild order( once action) You’re setting over there. You’re not going. Don’t be grumbling. Note: Will the children be quiet? You won’t say it again. You will take the medicine every three hours. Will + Bare Infinitive Present Progressive Express Order : once action (mild) repeated action once action (strong)