Goal 2 Nationalism v. Sectionalism

Erie Canal

(built )

Erie Canal

Lewis & Clark

Lewis and Clark Hired by Jefferson to explore new territory Looking for an all water route to Pacific (didn’t find) Scientific experiments (animals & plants) Cultural studies (Native American relations) Mapped the route that would become the Oregon Trail

Sacajawea Lewis & Clark’s guide Saved them from Indian attack

Worchester v. Georgia 1832 Supreme Court Case – John Marshall Chief Justice Ruled that the Cherokee were a “domestic, dependent nation” – a nation within the US Under federal law but not state law President Jackson refused to enforce the ruling

Missouri Compromise

John C. Calhoun States’ Rights Tariff of Abominations SC Nullification Crisis SC Exposition & Protest

Henry Clay The “Great Compromiser” The American System Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850 “Corrupt Bargain” Whig Party Speaker of the House “War Hawk” War of 1812

Sequoyah Created the Cherokee Alphabet

Andrew Jackson

John Q. Adams

Election of “Corrupt Bargain”

Daniel Webster Whig Party Nationalist Against Calhoun

Robert Hayne States’ Rights Webster-Hayne Debates Against Tariff of Abominations South Carolina

Transcendentalism Literary & philosophical movement Focused on nature, truth, & human dignity –Against organized religion –Against slavery

Ralph Waldo Emerson-- Transcendentalist

Henry David Thoreau— Transcendentalist

Henry David Thoreau Transcendentalist Walden Pond (lived in solitude) Civil Disobedience (refused to pay taxes during the Mexican War)

2.05– Identify the major reform movements & evaluate their effectiveness

Dorothea Dix Mental Health & Prison Reform Testified before Congress on prison conditions & the need for mental health hospitals Mental health became part of hospital care not the prison system

Rehabilitation New concept to be used with prisoners and the mentally ill Hope that prisoners will be prepared to re- enter public life and be contributing citizens Hope that mental health patients will be equipped with skills & coping mechanisms to help them be healthy citizens

Alex de Tocqueville—French Writer Studied democracy in America Was shocked by the prison conditions

Horace Mann Education Reform Sec. of Education for Massachusetts Teacher training programs Tax support for schools

Seneca Falls Convention 1 st Women’s Rights Convention Organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Lucretia Mott Voting Rights was not even the main focus Declaration of Sentiments (Stanton)

Women’s Rights Advocates Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucretia Mott Susan B. Anthony

Elizabeth Cady Stanton “Declaration of Sentiments” women’s rights leader

Lucretia Mott women’s rights leader / Seneca Falls

Susan B. Anthony

Mary Lyon founded Mt. Holyoke College for women

Prudence Crandall

Quaker Started an all girls school Allowed an African American student to attend (community opposed) Opened an all black school

Elizabeth Blackwell 1 st female to graduate from medical school

Amelia Bloomer — Temperance Worker / Changed women’s undergarments

“Bloomers”

Temperance Movement Middle class movement Wanted to limit alcohol consumption Focused on moderation & self control Prohibition=the outlawing of alcohol

Utopian Communities Their goal was to create a perfect society None lasted for very long Brook Farm Oneida New Harmony

Brook Farm 1841 Established by George Ripley (transcendentalist) 1847 – burned & disbanded

Oneida Community John Humphrey Noyes

New Harmony – Robert Owen

2.06 Religion & Slavery

Abolition The movement to outlaw slavery “The Great National Sin” –(Charles Grandison Finney)

2 nd Great Awakening Religious revival movement Social change Improve the individual = improve society Led to other reform movements –Abolition –Temperance –Women’s rights

Charles Grandison Finney—minister 2 nd Great Awakening

Lyman Beecher –minister 2 nd Great Awakening

Richard Allen—AME Church

Richard Allen Former slave Founder of the A.M.E. Church – African Methodist Episcopal The church should be doing more to end slavery and help the community as a whole

Liberia Country in Africa Founded by former slaves and free blacks from America American Colonization Society

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

Nat Turner

Nat Turner’s Rebellion 1831—organized a slave rebellion Slave – minister Turner led a rebellion Murdered 55 whites Turner was captured, tried & executed Goal was to end slavery Made slavery worse Over 200 innocent slaves were murdered by white mobs (fear & hysteria)

David Walker From North Carolina (free mother / slave father) Appeal to Colored Citizens of the World (pamphlet) Militant abolitionist Believed that slaves must be willing to fight for their freedom If you didn’t fight then you deserved to be butchered

David Walker Appeal to Colored Citizens of the World

Frederick Douglass—former slave, The North Star

Frederick Douglass Educated by his mistress (owner’s wife) Knowledge=power Speaker / orator Published his paper– “The North Star”

Sojourner Truth Isabella Baumfree

Sarah & Angelina Grimke Appeal to Christian Women of the South