Warm up: What do you know? Please answer on ½ of paper. 1.Is the Earth flat or round? 2.Is the Sun the center of the universe? 3.Are you really sitting at a desk? 4.Do you really exist or is this all an illusion? 5.If this is really not real do you have to answer these questions? 1

Early Astronomers Unit 4 / Note Page 1 2 Scientific Revolution

Prior Belief in superstitions Reliance on Greek and Roman explanations –Renaissance thinkers question this. Begin to use experimentation –Development of the scientific method. 3

New Technologies New instruments to help advances –Barometer – measures air pressure / weather –Microscope – enlarges the image of small things up close –Telescope – enlarges images of things far way –Thermometer – measures temperatures 4

Copernicus Polish Scholar of Astronomy / Monk Doubted the Aristotle and Ptolemy explanation --- Geo-centric model –System of fixed spheres or orbits around the earth –Heaven on one end, earth on the other Copernicus proposed a Sun centered system, 1543 AD although few believed his Heliocentric Theory as opposed to Ptolemy’s Geocentric Theory. 5 Video Clip – 4 The Universe Aristotle and Ptolemy: 4 MIns

Geo-Centric Theory Heliocentric Theory 6

Had the support of the Roman Catholic Church! But, he really didn’t have solid evidence to support his theory. Did not publish his book, “On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres” until his death bed in 1543 AD. He was afraid he would be mocked. 7 History Channel Video Clip – 5 The Universe Nicolaus Copernicus Bio.com Nicolaus Copernicus 2 Mins.

 From Denmark  He wanted to prove Copernicus’s Theory / Heliocentric.  If he could accurately predict future movements,,,, but could not do the math.  Hired Kepler! 8 Tycho Brahe

Johannes Kepler From Germany Proved Copernicus’ theory Developed laws of planetary motion Elliptical orbits, not circular. Proved his theories using Mathematics!! 9

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Video Clips Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler and Planetary Motion 11

Galileo Galilei Italian astronomer who used a telescope to see many never before seen objects in space published “Starry Messenger” Caused the “Great Controversy” Church warns Galileo not to publically support Copernicus ideas 12

1632 publishes “ Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems” 13

Character Simplicio had quotes from Pope Urban III, not a good idea… Trial of Galileo - Threatened with torture to recant by Inquisition, placed on house arrest for the last ten years of his life. 14

Continues scientific work after losing his eyesight, works on gravity. Work critical to future Sir Isaac Newton 15

Galileo Galilei Physics –Galileo also worked on the idea of gravity and the speed at which object fall to the earth –All objects fall at the same speed without air friction –Experiments at Leaning Tower of Pisa, Italy 16

17 The Cathedral of Pisa, Italy

Video Clips 18 Copernicus and the Scientific Revolution Past is Present MINS This video clip is more focused on work of Galileo….. Galileo – Mini Biography 3 MINS

19 End of Unit 4 / Note Page 1 “Early Astronomers” 19