Chapter 11 – The North

Learning Goals: What 3 reasons would lead the U.S. to have a slow start in manufacturing? What 3 reasons would lead the U.S. to have a slow start in manufacturing? Why would U.S. manufacturing boom during the War of 1812? Why would U.S. manufacturing boom during the War of 1812?

Section 1: The Industrial Revolution changed both the way goods were made and the lives of workers

The Industrial Revolution began in Britain during the mid 1700’s The I.R. brought about major changes – more machines were used for manufacturing, and fewer people were needed The I.R. brought about major changes – more machines were used for manufacturing, and fewer people were needed

Richard Arkwright – invented the water frame – a water powered machine that spun thread Richard Arkwright – invented the water frame – a water powered machine that spun thread Soon more of these textile mills/factories were built near rivers and streams Soon more of these textile mills/factories were built near rivers and streams

Samuel Slater is responsible for bringing the I.R. to the U.S. He memorized the design of a textile mill and immigrated to the U.S. He memorized the design of a textile mill and immigrated to the U.S.

Mass Production  the efficient production of large numbers of goods Interchangeable parts – developed by Eli Whitney Interchangeable parts – developed by Eli Whitney Machine tools – these tools make the identical parts Machine tools – these tools make the identical parts Division of labor – each person does a specific task Division of labor – each person does a specific task Firearms were the first products to be mass produced in the U.S. Firearms were the first products to be mass produced in the U.S.

The U.S. got off to a slow start in manufacturing because: The U.S. got off to a slow start in manufacturing because: 1. cheap farm land, 2. high price of labor, 3. lack of money to invest in factories

American manufacturing exploded during the War of 1812 American manufacturing exploded during the War of 1812 war prevented the import of goods – this forced Americans to begin manufacturing their own goods war prevented the import of goods – this forced Americans to begin manufacturing their own goods

Objective Check: What 3 reasons would the U.S. get off to a slow start in manufacturing? What 3 reasons would the U.S. get off to a slow start in manufacturing? 1. cheap farm land 2. high price of labor 3. lack of money to invest in factories Why would U.S. manufacturing boom during the War of 1812? Why would U.S. manufacturing boom during the War of 1812? The war prevented the import of goods from Britain, which forced Americans to begin manufacturing their own goods The war prevented the import of goods from Britain, which forced Americans to begin manufacturing their own goods

II. Changes in Working Life Learning Goal: How did the introduction of factories change the lives of many American workers? How did the introduction of factories change the lives of many American workers?

II. Changes in Working Life Many people work today according to patterns established during the Industrial Revolution Rhode Island system – Samuel Slater’s strategy of hiring families and dividing factory work into simple tasks Rhode Island system – Samuel Slater’s strategy of hiring families and dividing factory work into simple tasks The Lowell system – used young, unmarried women from local farms to work in his mills The Lowell system – used young, unmarried women from local farms to work in his mills

Workers organize (unions) to reform working conditions Trade unions – groups that tried to improve pay and working conditions Strikes – refusal to work until employers meet their demands

Sarah G. Bagley – A mill worker and union activist – she played a major roll in labor reform Sarah G. Bagley – A mill worker and union activist – she played a major roll in labor reform

Many employers believed that union workers prevented them from competing  they would have to pay higher wages, which would make it harder for them to sell finished goods at a lower price than their competitors Many employers believed that union workers prevented them from competing  they would have to pay higher wages, which would make it harder for them to sell finished goods at a lower price than their competitors

Objective Check: How did the introduction of factories change the lives of many American workers? How did the introduction of factories change the lives of many American workers? Answer: Answer: 1. Many people went from working at home (Cottage industry) to working in factories

III. The Transportation Revolution Learning Goal: How did the Transportation Revolution improve business, travel, and communication in the U.S.? How did the Transportation Revolution improve business, travel, and communication in the U.S.?

III. The Transportation Revolution Trade and Daily Life Transportation Revolution – a period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel because of new methods of transportation Transportation Revolution – a period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel because of new methods of transportation Connected people Improved communication Reduced shipping time and costs  led to boom in business

Steamboats Robert Fulton – designed the Clermont – the 1st full-sized commercial steamboat Robert Fulton – designed the Clermont – the 1st full-sized commercial steamboat aka “Fulton’s Folley” aka “Fulton’s Folley” Well suited for river travel – didn’t rely on wind Well suited for river travel – didn’t rely on wind

Gibbons vs. Ogden – the Supreme Court reinforced the federal governments authority to regulate trade between states by ending monopolistic control over waterways Gibbons vs. Ogden – the Supreme Court reinforced the federal governments authority to regulate trade between states by ending monopolistic control over waterways

Railroads 1st developed in G.B. in early 1800’s 1st developed in G.B. in early 1800’s Peter Cooper built the first locomotive in the U.S.  Tom Thumb Peter Cooper built the first locomotive in the U.S.  Tom Thumb Tom Thumb vs. Horse. Who wins? Tom Thumb vs. Horse. Who wins?

R/R affected daily life by: reducing travel time linking many major cities helping tie communities together sped up communication and the pace of life

R/R companies became some of the nations most powerful businesses by: R/R companies became some of the nations most powerful businesses by: controlling passenger and freight transportation controlling passenger and freight transportation profited from the growth of trade profited from the growth of trade

Changes to American Life and Industry Towns and cities along rail lines grew and prospered, some turned into major transportation hubs, and those not near suffered Towns and cities along rail lines grew and prospered, some turned into major transportation hubs, and those not near suffered The coal industry brought coal mining towns The coal industry brought coal mining towns

R/R and steel manufacturing helped each other R/R and steel manufacturing helped each other R/R transported steel to build factories and machines, steel was used to make rails for trains R/R transported steel to build factories and machines, steel was used to make rails for trains

Objective Check: How did the Transportation Revolution improve business, travel, and communication in the U.S.? How did the Transportation Revolution improve business, travel, and communication in the U.S.? Connected people Improved communication Reduced shipping time and costs  led to boom in business