1 CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II HMS HISTORICAL GAMES

2 PRODUCED BY Multimedia Learning, LLC WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN COPYRIGHT 2004 CONTACT INFORMATION: VERSION 1.1

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS TOPICSLIDES I. LEGACY OF WORLD WAR I…………………….….4-16 II. U.S. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS …………………………………………………..…17-34 III. RISE OF TOTALITARIAN REGIMES………… IV. THE MARCH TO WAR…………………………… V. U.S. SEPTEMBER 3, 1939-DECEMBER 7, 1941……………………………………………….…

4 HORRORS OF WWI TREATY OF VERSAILLES GERMAN ECONOMIC PROBLEMS WAR DEBTS

5 HORRORS OF WORLD WAR I

6 TREATY OF VERSAILLES ISSUES TO BE SETTLED TERRITORIAL ADJUSTMENTS REPARATIONS ARMAMENT RESTRICTIONS WAR GUILT LEAGUE OF NATIONS

7 TREATY OF VERSAILLES, EUROPE

8 TREATY OF VERSAILLES, GERMANY

9 ITALY

10 TREATY OF VERSAILLES, REPARATIONS

11 TREATY OF VERSAILLES, GERMAN ARMAMENT LIMITATIONS TYPEAMOUNT ALLOWED PLANES0 WARSHIPS6 SOLDIERS100,000 CONSCRIPTIONBANNED

12 TREATY OF VERSAILLES, GERMAN WAR GUILT

13 TREATY OF VERSAILLES, LEAGUE OF NATIONS

14 1.In January, 1921, there were 64 marks to the dollar. 2.By November, 1923 this had changed to 4,200,000,000,000 marks to the dollar…. PRICE OF A LOAF OF BREAD 1. In 1918 a loaf of bread cost just over half a mark. 2. By 1922 the cost had risen to 163 marks for a loaf of bread. 3. By November of 1923 a loaf of bread cost 201,000 million marks GERMAN ECONOMIC PROBLEMS AFTER WORLD WAR I

15 WAR DEBTS AS A CAUSE OF WORLD WAR II U.S. HAD LOANED ALLIES MONEY DURING WWI AND DEMANDED PAYMENT ALLIES NEEDED TO GET MONEY FROM GERMANY TO PAY THE U.S. GERMANY WAS IMPOVERISHED AS A RESULT OF WWI AND BORROWED MONEY FROM U.S. BANKS TO GIVE TO ALLIES

16 FRENCH TROOPS ENTERING GERMAN RUHR, 1923

17 THREE REASONS FOR NON- INVOLVEMENT IN EUROPEAN AFFAIRS FOREIGN POLICY IN LATIN AMERICA FEAR OF COMMUNISM

18 THREE REASONS BEHIND U.S. NONINVOLVEMENT IN EUROPEAN AFFAIRS IN THE s TRADITION OF ISOLATIONISM HORRORS OF WORLD WAR I NYE COMMITTEE

19 TRADITIONAL U.S. FOREIGN POLICY WAS TO AVOID FOREIGN ENTANGLEMENTS “It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world” PRESIDENT WASHINGTON, 1796

20 REASON FOR ISOLATIONISM FROM EUROPEAN AFFAIRS

21 HORRORS OF WWI

22 NYE COMMITTEE

WHITE HOUSE CONFERENCE ON CAUSES AND CURE FOR WAR: PRESIDENT COOLIDGE

24 ATTEMPTS AT DISARMAMENT IN THE 1920’S CHARLES EVANS HUGHES

25 U.S. FOREIGN POLICY IN LATIN AMERICA

26 U.S. PROTECTED ITS INTERESTS IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE

27

28 US INTERVENTION IN NICARAGUA: AUGUSTO SANDINO ANASTASIO SOMOZA AND FDR

29 …the United States could best serve the cause of a peaceful humanity by setting an example. That was why on the 4th of March, 1933, I made the following declaration: In the field of world policy I would dedicate this nation to the policy of the good neighbor--the neighbor who resolutely respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights of others--the neighbor who respects his obligations and respects the sanctity of his agreements in and with a world of neighbors. FDR, MARCH 1933 GOOD NEIGHBOR POLICY

30 FEAR OF COMMUNISM

31 RUSSIA BECOMES THE COMMUNIST NATION OF THE USSR IN 1917

32 COMMUNIST PROPAGANDA LENINSTALIN

33 STALIN, RUTHLESS DICTATOR OF THE USSR:

34

35 ITALY GERMANY JAPAN

36 AXIS POWERS

37 FASCISM WOULD BRING DEATH, DESTRUCTION AND TORTURE TO MILLIONS AROUND THE WORLD

38 AXIS POWER: ITALY

39

40

41 MUSSOLINI AT THE HEIGHT OF HIS POWER

42

43

44 ANTI- FASCIST ART BY THE MEXICAN PAINTER DIEGO RIVERA

45 MUSSOLINI AND MISTRESS MURDERED BY THE ITALIAN PEOPLE, 1945

46 AXIS POWER: GERMANY

47 GERMANY, 1933

48 WHY WAS HITLER SUCCESSFUL IN TAKING OVER GERMANY?

49 HITLER AS A SOLDIER IN WW1

50 HITLER ADDRESSING AN EARLY NAZI PARTY GATHERING

51 COVER PAGE OF GERMAN EDITIONS OF MEIN KAMPF WRITTEN IN 1924 WHILE HITLER WAS IMPRISONED FOR STAGING A REVOLT

52 NAZI PROPAGA NDA DEPICTIN G THE IDEAL GERMAN ARYAN NAZI PROPAGANDA DEPICTING THE IDEAL ARYAN MEMBER OF THE MASTER RACE

53 EXAMPLES OF NAZI ANTISEMITISM FINAL SOLUTION TO THE JEWISH PROBLEM

54

55

56 DEPRESSION, UNEMPLOYMENT AND HARD TIMES LED TO A DRAMATIC INCREASE IN VOTING FOR HITLER AND THE NAZI PARTY

57 HITLER ELECTED CHANCELLOR OF GERMANY 1933

58 VOLKSWAGEN: A CAR FOR ALMOST EVERY GERMAN FAMILY

59 PAGES FROM MEIN KAMPF

60

61 KRISTALLNACHT: HITLER BEGINS HIS EXTERMINATION CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE JEWS

62 AXIS POWER: JAPAN

63

64 MILITARISTS TOOK OVER JAPANESE GOVERNMENT

65

66 JAPANESE TROOPS INVADING MANCHURIA, 1931 HITLER CLOSELY WATCHED THE WORLD’S INACTION TO JAPAN’S INVASION

67 CHINESE BABY BURNED AFTER JAPANESE BOMBERS STRIKE SHANGHAI IN 1937

68

69 SECRETARY OF STATE STIMSON

70 LEAGUE OF NATIONS

71 JAPAN INVADES MANCHURIA ITALY INVADES ETHIOPIA SPANISH CIVIL WAR HITLER’S CONQUESTS

72 JAPANESE TROOPS INVADING MANCHURIA, 1931 HITLER CLOSELY WATCHED THE WORLD’S INACTION TO JAPAN’S INVASION

73 ITALIAN AGGRESSION IN ETHIOPIA

74

75 ETHIOPIAN ARMY

76 ETHIOPIAN ROYAL FAMILY

77 HAILE SELLASSIE: EMPEROR OF ETHIOPIA SELLASSIE PLEADS FOR HELP FROM THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS, 1936 “SHOULD IT HAPPEN THAT A STRONG GOVERNMENT FINDS IT MAY WITH IMPUNITY DESTROY A WEAK PEOPLE, THEN THE HOUR STRIKES FOR THAT WEAK PEOPLE TO APPEAL TO THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS TO GIVE ITS JUDGMENT IN ALL FREEDOM.”

78

79 TESTING GROUND, THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR: REPUBLICAN DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT SUPPORTED BY: FRANCO FASCIST NATIONALISTS SUPPORTED BY: USSRNAZI GERMANY INTERNATIONAL BRIGADES FASCIST ITALY

80

81 HITLER & FRANCO FRANCO PROPAGANDA POSTER

82 THE DEMOCRACIES REACT BRITAIN,FRANCE AND THE UNITED STATES REMAINED NEUTRAL AND REFUSED TO AID EITHER SIDE BECAUSE THEY DID NOT WANT TO FIGHT ANOTHER WAR BRITAIN,FRANCE AND THE UNITED STATES REMAINED NEUTRAL AND REFUSED TO AID EITHER SIDE BECAUSE THEY DID NOT WANT TO FIGHT ANOTHER WAR THIS ACTUALLY HELPED FRANCO WIN BECAUSE HITLER & MUSSOLINI GAVE SUBSTANTIAL MILITARY AID THIS ACTUALLY HELPED FRANCO WIN BECAUSE HITLER & MUSSOLINI GAVE SUBSTANTIAL MILITARY AID

83 AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL BRIGADE VOLUNTEERS OF THE ABRAHAM LINCOLN BRIGADE IN SPAIN IN 1937

84

85 HITLER BEGINS HIS MARCH TO WORLD CONQUEST LEADING TO WORLD WAR II 1935 HITLER DECLARES GERMANY WILL REARM IN VIOLATION OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES MARCH 1936 HITLER SENDS GERMAN SOLDIERS TO REOCCUPY THE RHINELAND, NEXT TO FRANCE, VIOLATING THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES MARCH 1938 HITLER TAKES OVER AUSTRIA AND TURNS IT INTO A GERMAN PROVINCE KNOWN AS OSTMARK SEPTEMBER 1938 HITLER DEMANDS AND IS GIVEN THE STRATEGIC CZECHOSLOVAKIAN SUDETENLAND WITHOUT A FIGHT MARCH 1939 HITLER TAKES OVER THE REST OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA SEPTEMBER 1, 1939 HITLER INVADES POLAND SEPTEMBER 3, 1939, BRITAIN AND FRANCE DECLARE WAR ON GERMANY AND WORLD WAR TWO BEGINS

86 CZECHOSLOVAKIA’S MAIN DEFENSES WERE IN THE SUDETENLAND

87 EUROPEAN LEADERS AT THE MUNICH CONFERENCE THAT GAVE THE SUDETENLAND TO HITLER. A PRIME EXAMPLE OF APPEASEMENT. NO REPRESENTATIVE FROM CZECHOSLOVAKIA WAS INVITED TO ATTEND. NEVILLE CHAMBERLAINEDOUARD DALADIER SPEECH BY HITLER

88 REACTIONS OF GERMANS LIVING IN THE SUDETENLAND TO HITLER’S TAKEOVER

89

90 HITLER WANTED TO AVOID FIGHTING ON TWO FRONTS AT ONE TIME

91 THE WORLD IS SHOCKED WHEN TWO BITTER ENEMIES, GERMANY AND THE USSR, SIGN A NONAGGRESSION PACT IN AUGUST 1939 PROMISING NOT TO ATTACK EACH OTHER

92

93 ITALY CONQUERED ALBANIA, 1939

94 HITLER INVADES POLAND:SEPTEMBER 1, 1939

95 THE POLISH ARMY WAS NO MATCH FOR THE GERMANS

96 MILITARY UNIT GERMANYPOLAND INFANTRY DIVISIONS 4638 MOTORIZED DIVISIONS 4 ¾ 11 CALVALRY BRIGADES (HORSES) TANK DIVISIONS 7NONE TANKS BOMBERS FIGHTERS OTHER PLANES MILITARY STRENGTH COMPARSION BETWEEN GERMANY AND POLAND IN 1939

97 3RD TERM ELECTION LEND-LEASE ATLANTIC CHARTER U-BOATS: SUBMARINE WARFARE ISOLATIONISM VS. INTERVENTIONISM AMERICA ATTACKED

98

99

100 3 RD TERM PRESIDENT FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT

101 THE UNITED STATES BECAME INVOLVED BY SUPPLYING WAR MATERIALS FOR THE ALLIES

102 US INDUSTRY GEARS UP FOR WAR AND PRODUCES GREAT QUANTITIES OF ARMS AND EQUIPMENT FOR ALL THE ALLIES

103 CHURCHILL AND FDR MEET AND AGREED ON THE POSTWAR WORLD: THE ATLANTIC CHARTER

104 home home | search the site | sitemap search the site sitemap Text of the Atlantic Charter The President of the United States of America and the Prime Minister, Mr. Churchill, representing His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, being met together, deem it right to make known certain common principles in the national policies of their respective countries on which they base their hopes for a better future for the world. First, their countries seek no aggrandizement, territorial or other; Second, they desire to see no territorial changes that do not accord with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned; Third, they respect the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live; and they wish to see sovereign rights and self government restored to those who have been forcibly deprived of them; Fourth, they will endeavor, with due respect for their existing obligations, to further the enjoyment by all States, great or small, victor or vanquished, of access, on equal terms, to the trade and to the raw materials of the world which are needed for their economic prosperity; Fifth, they desire to bring about the fullest collaboration between all nations in the economic field with the object of securing, for all, improved labor standards, economic advancement and social security; Sixth, after the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny, they hope to see established a peace which will afford to all nations the means of dwelling in safety within their own boundaries, and which will afford assurance that all the men in all lands may live out their lives in freedom from fear and want; Seventh, such a peace should enable all men to traverse the high seas and oceans without hindrance; Eighth, they believe that all of the nations of the world, for realistic as well as spiritual reasons must come to the abandonment of the use of force. Since no future peace can be maintained if land, sea or air armaments continue to be employed by nations which threaten, or may threaten, aggression outside of their frontiers, they believe, pending the establishment of a wider and permanent system of general security, that the disarmament of such nations is essential. They will likewise aid and encourage all other practicable measure which will lighten for peace-loving peoples the crushing burden of armaments. Franklin D. Roosevelt Winston S. Churchill This is Churchill's edited copy of the final draft of the Atlantic Charter. This is Churchill's edited copy of the final draft of the Atlantic Charter. home home | search the site | sitemap search the site sitemap Text of the Atlantic Charter The President of the United States of America and the Prime Minister, Mr. Churchill, representing His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, being met together, deem it right to make known certain common principles in the national policies of their respective countries on which they base their hopes for a better future for the world. First, their countries seek no aggrandizement, territorial or other; Second, they desire to see no territorial changes that do not accord with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned; Third, they respect the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live; and they wish to see sovereign rights and self government restored to those who have been forcibly deprived of them; Fourth, they will endeavor, with due respect for their existing obligations, to further the enjoyment by all States, great or small, victor or vanquished, of access, on equal terms, to the trade and to the raw materials of the world which are needed for their economic prosperity; Fifth, they desire to bring about the fullest collaboration between all nations in the economic field with the object of securing, for all, improved labor standards, economic advancement and social security; Sixth, after the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny, they hope to see established a peace which will afford to all nations the means of dwelling in safety within their own boundaries, and which will afford assurance that all the men in all lands may live out their lives in freedom from fear and want; Seventh, such a peace should enable all men to traverse the high seas and oceans without hindrance; Eighth, they believe that all of the nations of the world, for realistic as well as spiritual reasons must come to the abandonment of the use of force. Since no future peace can be maintained if land, sea or air armaments continue to be employed by nations which threaten, or may threaten, aggression outside of their frontiers, they believe, pending the establishment of a wider and permanent system of general security, that the disarmament of such nations is essential. They will likewise aid and encourage all other practicable measure which will lighten for peace-loving peoples the crushing burden of armaments. Franklin D. Roosevelt Winston S. Churchill This is Churchill's edited copy of the final draft of the Atlantic Charter. This is Churchill's edited copy of the final draft of the Atlantic Charter. The President of the United States of America and the Prime Minister, Mr. Churchill, representing His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, being met together, deem it right to make known certain common principles in the national policies of their respective countries on which they base their hopes for a better future for the world. First, their countries seek no aggrandizement, territorial or other; Second, they desire to see no territorial changes that do not accord with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned; Third, they respect the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live; and they wish to see sovereign rights and self government restored to those who have been forcibly deprived of them; Fourth, they will endeavor, with due respect for their existing obligations, to further the enjoyment by all States, great or small, victor or vanquished, of access, on equal terms, to the trade and to the raw materials of the world which are needed for their economic prosperity; Fifth, they desire to bring about the fullest collaboration between all nations in the economic field with the object of securing, for all, improved labor standards, economic advancement and social security; Sixth, after the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny, they hope to see established a peace which will afford to all nations the means of dwelling in safety within their own boundaries, and which will afford assurance that all the men in all lands may live out their lives in freedom from fear and want; Seventh, such a peace should enable all men to traverse the high seas and oceans without hindrance; Eighth, they believe that all of the nations of the world, for realistic as well as spiritual reasons must come to the abandonment of the use of force. Since no future peace can be maintained if land, sea or air armaments continue to be employed by nations which threaten, or may threaten, aggression outside of their frontiers, they believe, pending the establishment of a wider and permanent system of general security, that the disarmament of such nations is essential. They will likewise aid and encourage all other practicable measure which will lighten for peace-loving peoples the crushing burden of armaments. Franklin D. Roosevelt Winston S. Churchill ATLANTIC CHARTER

105

106 CHART OF ALLIED MERCHANT SHIPS SUNK BY GERMAN SUBMARINES (U-BOATS) FROM

107

108 DEFENSE SPENDING INCREASED AS THE U.S. REALIZED IT MUST PREPARE FOR EVENTUAL WAR AGAINST THE AGGRESSORS

109 THE ROBIN MOOR WAS CLEARLY MARKED AS MERCHANT VESSEL FROM THE USA

110 CONVOYS INCREASED THE MERCHANT SHIPS CHANCES OF SURVIVING THE OCEAN VOYAGE

111

112

113 USS RUEBEN JAMES

114 TWO DR. SEUSS CARTOONS AGAINST THE U.S. STAYING NEUTRAL

115 ANTI WAR PROPAGANDA PRO WAR PROGAGANDA

116 America First Committee Original Four Principles: 1.The United States must build an impregnable defense for America 2.No foreign power, nor group of powers, can successfully attack a prepared America 3.American democracy can be preserved only by keeping out of the European war. 4."Aid short of war" weakens national defense at home and threatens to involve America in war abroad “World War I had been fought to save the skins of American bankers who had bet too boldly on the outcome of the war and had two billions of dollars of loans to the Allies in jeopardy.” Report of Sen. Gerald Nye’s Committee

117 ANTI-LINDBERGH/ AMERICA FIRST COMMITTEE POLITICAL CARTOONS

118 GOERING LINDBERGH

119 COMMITTEE TO DEFEND AMERICA BY AIDING THE ALLIES

120 EUROPE: JUNE 1941

121 JAPAN CHOOSES WAR

122

123 JAPAN OCCUPIED FRENCH INDOCHINA

124

125 FRENCH INDOCHINA TODAY

126 USING COAL TO FUEL CARS USING HORSE CARTS FOR DELIVERIES TO SAVE GAS THE US PUT AN OIL EMBARGO ON JAPAN. SINCE JAPAN RECEIVED 80% OF ITS IMPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES, THEY WERE FORCED TO MODIFY THEIR CONSUMPTION.

127 TOJO BEFORE THE WAR TOJO, AFTER THE WAR, ON TRIAL FOR WARCRIMES JAPAN’S WAR MINISTER, HIDEKI TOJO

128

129

130

131

132 Other titles available in the United States history series: Colonization to Reconstruction: Early U.S. Review Slavery Causes of the Civil War Civil War Reconstruction Westward Movement Immigration and Urbanization America becomes a world power: Imperialism The Progressive Era The U.S. and World War One 1920’s Great Depression and New Deal: 1930’s Causes of World War Two World War Two 1950’s Civil Rights Movement Cold War: Truman to Kennedy Cold War: Johnson to the fall of the Berlin Wall Vietnam Late History Overview: 1970s, 1980s, 1990s World History titles: The Conquest of Mexico New Titles for Fall 2005: Colonial Era Revolutionary Era Please visit our website as we continually publish new titles: HMS Historical Media, a division of Multimedia Learning, LLC, has 26 classroom ready historical simulation games available on various topics. Please visit our website for more details: