Guidelines for Forward/ Integration – 1) Present distributors are expensive, unreliable, or incapable of meeting firm’s needs 2) Availability of quality distributors is limited 3) When firm competes in an industry that is expected to grow markedly 4) Organization has both capital and human resources needed to manage new business of distribution 5) Advantages of stable production are high 6) Present distributors have high profit margins

Guidelines for Backward Integration – 1)When present suppliers are expensive, unreliable, or incapable of meeting needs 2)Number of suppliers is small and number of competitors large 3)High growth in industry sector 4)Firm has both capital and human resources to manage new business 5)Advantages of stable prices are important 6)Present supplies have high profit margins 7)Need to quickly acquire a needed resource.

Guidelines for Horizontal Integration: 1-Firm can gain monopolistic characteristics without being challenged by federal government 2-Competes in growing industry 3-Increased economies of scale provide major competitive advantages 4-Firm has both capital and human resources to manage new business 5-Faltering due to lack of managerial expertise or need for particular resources

Guidelines for Market Penetration – 1) Current markets not saturated 2) Usage rate of present customers can be increased significantly 3) Market shares of competitors declining while total industry sales increasing 4) Correlation between dollar sales and dollar marketing expenditures historically has been high 5) Increased economies of scale provide major competitive advantages

Guidelines for Market Development – 1) New channels of distribution that are reliable, inexpensive, and good quality 2) Firm is very successful at what it does 3) Untapped or unsaturated markets 4) Capital and human resources necessary to manage expanded operations 5) Excess production capacity 6) Basic industry rapidly becoming global

Guidelines for Product Development – 1) Products in maturity stage of lifecycle 2) Competes in industry characterizes by rapid technological developments 3) Major competitors offer better-quality products at comparable prices 4) Compete in high-growth industry 5) Strong research and development capabilities

Guidelines for Innovation: 1- Firm is facing pressure to stay ahead of its competition and has to shorten the life cycle of existing products. 2-Rapid change and fierce competition 3-Major competitors come up with a new product with multiple functions at competitive prices 4- High growth economy where customer demand for quality and design 5- Well establish R&D capabilities 6-Seek to be global

Guidelines for Related Diversification – § Competes in no-or slow-growth industry § Adding new&related products increases sales of current products § Current products are indecline stage of the product life cycle § Strong management team

Guidelines for unrelated diversification – § Revenues from current products/services would increase significantly by adding the new unrelated products § Highly competitive and/or no-growth industry § Present distribution channels can be used to market new products to current customers § New products have counter cyclical sales patterns compared to existing products

Retrenchment – 1)Firm has failed to meet its objectives and goals consistently over time but has distinctive competencies 2)Firm is one of the weaker competitors 3) Inefficiency, low profitability, poor employee morale, and pressure from stockholders to improve performance. 4)When an organization's strategic managers have failed 5)Very quick growth to large organization where a major internal reorganization is needed