Period 3:

Key Concept 3:1: Br. Attempts to assert tighter control over its N. Am. Colonies & the colonial resolve to pursue self-gov. led to a colonial independence movement & the Rev. War I. The competition among the Br., Fr., & American Indians for econ. & pol. Advantage in N. Am. Culminated in the Seven Years War (Fr. & Indian War), in which Br. defeated Fr. & allied Am. Indians a) Colonial rivalry intensified betwixt Br. & Fr. In the mid-18 th century, as the growing pop. Of the Br. Colonies expanded into the interior of N. Am., threatening Fr.-Indian trade networks & Am. Indian autonomy b) Br. Achieved a major expansion of its territorial holdings by defeating the Fr. but at tremendous expense, setting the stage for imperial efforts to raise revenue & consolidate control over the colonies c) After the Br. Victory, imperial officials’ attempts to prevent colonists from moving westward generated colonial opposition, while native groups sought to both continue trading with Europeans & resist the encroachments of colonists on colonial lands.

II. The desire of many colonists to assert ideals of self-gov. in the face of renewed Br. Imperial efforts led to a colonial independence movement & war with Br. a) The imperial struggles of the mid-18 th century, as well as new Br. Efforts to collect taxes w/ out direct colonial representation or consent & to assert imperial authority in the colonies, began to unite the colonists against perceived & real constraints on their econ. Activities & pol. Rights b) Colonial leaders based their calls for resistance to Br. On arguments about the rights of Br. Subjects, t he rights of the individual, local traditions of self-rule & the ideas of the Enlightenment c) The effort for Am. Independence was energized by colonial leaders such as Ben Franklin, was well as popular movements that included the political activism of laborers, artisans, & women d) In the face of econ. Shortages & the Br. Military occupation of some regions, men & women mobilized in large numbers to provide financial & material support to the Patriot movement e) Despite considerable Loyalist opposition, as well as Br. Overwhelming military & financial advantages, the Patriot cause succeeded b/c of the actions of colonial militias & the Continental Army, George Washington’s military leadership, the colonists’ ideological commitment & resilience & assistance sent by the Fr. alliance

Key Concept 3.2: The Am. Rev’s democratic & republican ideals inspired new experiments w/ different forms of gov. I. The ideals that inspired the rev. cause reflected new beliefs about pol., religion, & society that had been developing over the course of the 18 th century a) Enlightenment ideas & philosophy inspired many Am. Pol. Thinkers to emphasize individual talent over hereditary privilege, while religion strengthened Am. View of themselves as a people blessed with liberty b) The colonists’ belief in the superiority of republican forms of gov. based on the natural rights of the people found expression in Thomas Paine’s Common Sense & the Dec. of Ind. The ideas in these docs resonated throughout Am. History, shaping Am. Understanding of the ideals on which the nation was based c) During & after the Am. Rev., an increased awareness of inequalities in society motivated some individuals & groups to call for the abolition of slavery & greater pol. Democracy in the state & national gov. d) In response to women’s participation in the Am. Rev., Enlightenment ideas & women’s appeals for expanded roles, an ideal of “republican motherhood” gained popularity. It called on women to teach republican values w/ in the family & granted women a new importance in Am. Pol. Culture e) The Am. Rev. & the ideals set forth in the Dec. of Ind. Reverberated in Fr., Haiti, & Latin Am., inspiring future independence movements.