Handout on Prototyping for d.school summer workshop September 2006 Based on Handout for ME377 Winter 2006

PROCESS Iterate Understand Observe Visualize Build Test

ENLIGHTENED TRIAL AND ERROR SUCCEEDS OVER THE PLANNING OF FLAWLESS INTELECT (Evolution of the eye)

IDEO Sinus Surgery Device Cannibalized Rough & Ugly Prototype

IDEO Sinus Surgery Device Refined Prototype

Build Test ITERATION Insight Prototypes Ideation and experimentation Understanding of execution risks gained Serendipity is enabled Build Insight Prototypes New insights and learning feed into the development process Options are eliminated Ideas are clearly expressed Communication is improved Test Failure happens Risk is reduced Assumptions are challenged The unexpected is revealed Non-market forces (politics) are removed from the equation

(Cost of failure vs. project time curve) FAIL EARLY (Cost of failure vs. project time curve)

(Risk vs. iteration curve) FAIL OFTEN                                                                                                                                                (Risk vs. iteration curve)

(Coulter Leys “PlanB”) PROTOTYPE ROUGH (Coulter Leys “PlanB”)

(IDEO “surgical tool”) PROTOTYPE RAPID (IDEO “surgical tool”)

(Richard Feynman demonstrates how the Challenger O-ring failed) PROTOTYPE RIGHT (Richard Feynman demonstrates how the Challenger O-ring failed)

CANNIBALIZE BE MINDFUL OF RESOURCES ALWAYS BRING PROTOS PROTOTYPING TIPS CANNIBALIZE BE MINDFUL OF RESOURCES ALWAYS BRING PROTOS

PROTOTYPE EVERYTHING (Moon mission)

Golden Rules of Prototyping 1. One question, one prototype 2. Go far enough 3. Stop before it's perfect 4. Cannibalize as much as possible 5. Don't fall in love with your prototype 6. Always build and share more than one prototype 7. Create to provoke and persuade