The Intertestamental Period: From Babylon To The Birth Of Christ Seleucid Period

Announcements

Intertestamental Period WeekDateTopic 105 Mar 14Overview 212 Mar 14Babylonian Period ( BC) 319 Mar 14Persian Period ( BC) 426 Mar 14Greek Period ( BC) 502 Apr 14Ptolemaic ( BC) 609 Apr 14Syrian ( BC) 716 Apr 14Maccabean Part 1 ( BC) 823 Apr 14Maccabean Part 2 ( BC) 930 Apr 14Independence ( BC) 1007 May 14Rome Intervenes (63 – 37 BC) 1114 May 14Herod (37 BC – 4 BC) 1221 May 14The IT Period and Christianity (4 BC – 70 AD) 1328 May 14Review

Today’s Objectives Review last week’s lesson Learn about the Hasmonean dynasty Learn about the Mattathias’ role in the Jewish uprising Learn about Mattathias’ five sons Review Judas Maccabeus’ actions to carry on his father’s mission Learn about the rededication of the temple Learn about further oppression by Antiochus V Review important historical notes about Rome

Last week’s lesson Reviewed last week’s lesson Learned about Antiochus III and Antiochus IV Epiphanies ruled over Palestine Learned about Roman influence over the Seleucid empire Reviewed the degeneration of Jewish religious freedom under Antiochus IV Epiphanies Discovered the seeds of a Jewish revolt in the actions of Antiochus IV Epiphanies Reviewed the key events occurring during the Seleucid rule of Jerusalem

Reference Material KJV (w/ Apocrypha) –1 st and 2 nd Maccabbees Josephus – The Complete Works Herodotus – The History Intertestamental History – Mark Moore Ancient Rome – Simon Baker Harding University – BNEW 112 Course Notes – Dr. Thompson Intertestamental Period – John Battle

Where we left off…. Antiochus IV forbids the practice of the Jewish religion, BC Destroys all copies of Scriptures (Ant ) Forbids observance of Jewish festivals Forbids circumcision Requires Jews to sacrifice on pagan alters and eat pig flesh (2 Macc 7) Samaritans, meanwhile, assure Antiochus of their allegiance to him –Not “Jews” but “Sidonians”

Hasmonean Dynasty BC Led to independent rule in Jerusalem Threats by more powerful nations remained –Syrians (Seleucids) –Romans Seleucid oppression led to a Jewish revolt –Against Antiochus IV Epiphanies Ultimately obtained victory –Maccabee family is integral in the revolt

Mattathias From the village of ModinModin –20 miles northwest of Jerusalem –10 miles east of Lydda, Syrian district capital –Near Syrian troop concentration Priest who lived in Modin kills an emissary of Antiochus and an apostate Jew – 167 BC Mattathias flees with his five sons and other Jews to the mountains Many Hasidim join them Mattathias and his family begin guerrilla warfare against the Syrians

Sons of Mattathias Mattathias dies of old age in 167 BC, soon after the revolt began He appoints his third son, Judas, as leader Mattathias had five sons –John –Simon –Judas (or Judas the Maccabee) –Eleazar –Jonathan Three sons ruled over Judah, all five sons suffer violent deaths

Judas Maccabeus Very capable military leader Defeats several larger Syrian forces Became known as the “hammer” Battle of EmmausEmmaus –165 BC, 1 Macc 4:1-23 –Gorgias, general for Epiphanes –Judas attacks Syrian garrison at Emmaus –Gorgias returns, only to find garrison captured –Gorgias flees for the coastal plane –See Luke 24:13-35, “road to Emmaus”

Rededication of the Temple Dec 25, 164 BC Judas gains control of the temple area Purifies and rededicates the temple Became a national holiday –Hannukkah, Feast of Lights, or Feast of Dedication –John 10:22-30 –1 Macc 4:52-59; 2 Macc 10:1-8 Antiochus IV Epiphanies dies in Persia in 163 BC, –Succeeded by Antiochus V, his son

Antiochus V 162 BC Leads a large army to retake Jerusalem –Great battle ensues, temple is retaken –Eleazar is killed in the battle –But they did not interfere with worship Death of Antiochus V –162 BC –Demetrius I captures and executes Antiochus V –Sends general Bacchides to control Judea –Bacchides captures, executes Menelaus –Hasidim recognizes Alcimus as high priest

Return to Oppression Bacchides, along with Alcimus, began executing many Jews Hasidim leaders are executed as well 161 BC –Bacchides took a large army to capture Judas –Judas had only 800 men –Judas was killed in the battle Three brothers escape to Tekoa –Jonathan, Simon, John

Jonathan Rebuilds his base of support Leads further clashes with the Syrians –John was killed in one of the battles –Left on Jonathan and Simon Becomes the ruler of Judah, controlling the entire area except the Akra Awarded the title of high priest Sends a message to Rome desiring to create an alliance

Rome Macedonian wars – 171 BC –Perseus the Macedonian king –Intervenes in local wars of Greece –Rome dislikes the expansion and declares war –Rome destroys Perseus’ army by 168 BC, Persueus is paraded through the streets of Rome Envoys of Judas conclude a treaty with the Roman Senate in 161 BC In 157 BC Roman censor Cato heads a commission which arbitrates a truce between Carthage and Masinissa During his time in Carthage, Cato is so struck by the evidence of Carthaginian prosperity that he is convinced that the security of Rome now depends on the annihilation of Carthage

Review Reviewed last week’s lesson Learned about the Hasmonean dynasty Learned about Mattathias’ role in the Jewish uprising Learned about Mattathias’ five sons Reviewed Judas Maccabeus’ actions Learned about the rededication of the temple Learned about further oppression by Antiochus V Reviewed important historical notes about Rome