FRA PRICING MECHANISMS PRESENTATION AT THE NRG-V Chilundika and Mulungu Tuesday, 13 October 2015.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Food Security The Role of the Private Sector Jason Agar April 30 th 2004.
Advertisements

BY THE FIRST GROUP. The proportion of population living below the poverty line declined from 38.6% revealed by Household Budget Survey in 1991/92 to 33.6%
JEROME CHIM’GONDA-NKHOMA, MINSTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY, MALAWI.
With the financial support of Results for an Eastern African Country: Incentives and disincentives for the rice sector in Uganda.
ASTWG Meeting – 28 th November 2012 – Dar es Salaam 1 Results of price incentives and disincentives analysis in Tanzania Agricultural Sector Consultative.
Agricultural Development Economics Division (ESA) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations National rice policies in Asia David Dawe Agricultural.
1 BOGOTA SEPTEMBER 2014 «Scaling up sustainable agriculture and optimizing the value chain» Karla Canavan Bogota September 2014.
1 STRUCTURAL ECONOMIC CHANGES IN CHINA AND VIETNAM: POLICY ISSUES AND CONSEQUENCES FOR AGRICULTURE Clem Tisdell Professor Emeritus School of Economics.
LRP Market Monitoring Training LOCAL AND REGIONAL PROCUREMENT 4. Introduction to Prices.
Maize Production Outlook and Implications for Food Security TEGEMEO INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT, EGERTON UNIVERSITY September 18,
5/11/20151 Summary of Key Findings J. Nyoro Director Tegemeo Institute.
WAREHOUSE RECEIPT FINANCING THE HOUSING FINANCE BANK UGANDA EXPERIENCE AGRIFIN FINANCING AGRICULTURE FORUM – 2012, March 28-30, 2012 Kampala, Uganda.
The Effects of Rising Food and Fuel Costs on Poverty in Pakistan Azam Amjad Chaudhry and Theresa Thompson Chaudhry.
FACTORS AFFECTING FORWARD PRICING DECISIONS: EVIDENCE FROM INDIAN POULTRY SECTOR Research Concept Note D. Bardhan Asstt. Professor (Vety. Economics) Department.
1 Reducing the Gaps in Society: Policy Challenges in the Era of Globalization Dr. Karnit Flug June 2007 Taub Center Conference.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright  2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. POLITICS AND ECONOMICS: THE CASE OF AGRICULTURAL MARKETS POLITICS.
The Instruments of Trade Policy
Chapter 8 The Instruments of Trade Policy
A Comparative Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Tobacco and Maize Farmers in Tabora- Tanzania A.Kidane; A.Hepelwa; E.Ngeh & T. W. Hu This study was supported.
The 8-7 National Poverty Reduction Program in China: the National Strategy and its Impact Wang Sangui, Li Zhou, Ren Yanshun.
The Global Food Security Challenge ( GLDN for ECA, Dec 18th.
The Economics and Politics of U.S. Agricultural Policy James Dunn Pennsylvania State University.
THE POWER OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT POLICIES AND PROGRAMS.
Financing Smallholder Coffee Farmers In Kenya
Agriculture and Livelihood Diversification in Kenyan Rural Households Simon C. Kimenju and David Tschirley Tegemeo Institute Conference: Agriculture Productivity,
Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Importance and Uses of Agricultural Statistics Section A 1.
Competition Reforms in Bus transport sector In Zambia National Advocacy Plan (CREW Project) CREW NRG-IV Meeting, 22 nd April, Lusaka.
Lessons and implications for agriculture and food Security in the region IFPRI-ADB POLICY FORUM 9-10 August 2007 Manila, Philippines Rapid Growth of Selected.
STATUS OF THE RICE SUBSECTOR AND NATIONAL RICE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FORMULATION PROCESSES AGRI-PROFOCUS MULTI-STAKEHOLDER FORUM 5 th October 2008 Kaunda.
Agriculture and Rural Development. The agricultural and development sector is the foundation of the Tanzania economy, accounting for 45% of total gross.
The Global Food Crisis and Policy Implications Per Pinstrup-Andersen 2008 J.W. Fanning Lecture University of Georgia October 17, 2008.
Enhancing Market Participation of smallholder livestock producers in the SADC region FANRPAN PARTNERS’ MEETING 13 June 2011, Pretoria, South Africa Presented.
Discussion of session on: How, Where and When Agriculture Can Be Used to Address Chronic Poverty Thom Jayne Michigan State University Conference on Escaping.
American Free Enterprise. The Benefits of Free Enterprise.
Chapter 23 – Policies that lower the price of food by increasing supply.
Update of the CREW Project findings: Zambia Maize and Bus Transport Sectors Cornelius Dube CREW Project 4 th National Reference Group Meeting (NRG-IV)
UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF THE REMOVAL OF FUEL SUBSIDIES ON THE ZAMBIAN ECONOMY Paul Ochola Project Team Member - ACF.
Overview of the Staple Food Sector in Zambia Gelson Tembo Department of Agricultural Economics The University of Zambia Presented at the CREW Project Inception.
Recreational Catch Shares Earl W. Comstock Comstock Consulting LLC
INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE sustainable solutions for ending hunger and poverty Ghana Strategy Support Program Concluding Remarks and.
The International Food Market
Slide 8-1  Effects of a Tariff Assume that two large countries trade with each other. Suppose Home imposes a tax of $2 on every bushel of wheat imported.
Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute I NDABA A GRICULTURAL P OLICY R ESEARCH I NSTITUTE Auckland Kuteya and Nicholas Sitko Presented at a policy.
Smallholder Market Participation: Concepts and Evidence from Eastern and Southern Africa Christopher B. Barrett, Cornell University FAO workshop on Staple.
COMPETITION ISSUES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR: THE GAMBIA.
Findings from Diagnostic Country Report (DCR) Ghana Maize Sector.
‘Sustainable Coffee’ Exports from Tanzania Evelyne A. Lazaro & Jeremiah A. Makindara.
Poverty Alleviation performance in China Experiences and lessons XU Lin National Development and Reform commission PRC.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHERIES COMPREHENSIVE AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT PROGRAMME IMPACT EVALUATION 20 OCTOBER 2015.
AAMP Training Materials Module 3.3: Household Impact of Staple Food Price Changes Nicholas Minot (IFPRI)
Implications of pro-competitive reforms in the Zambian maize sector on small scale farmers Cornelius Dube 4 th CUTS-CIRC Biennial Competition, Regulation.
Trends of Selected Agriculture & Rural Development Indicators in the COMESA Region By Joseph Karugia and Stella Massawe ReSAKSS Africa-wide conference,
1 Malawi Public Expenditure Review: Road Sector 21 November 2007.
Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute I NDABA A GRICULTURAL P OLICY R ESEARCH I NSTITUTE Rhoda Mofya-Mukuka Presented at A Policy Dialogue on Food.
MIFIRA Framework Lecture 4 Food Policies Chris Barrett and Erin Lentz February 2012.
I S S MALL S TILL B EAUTIFUL ? T HE F ARM S IZE -P RODUCTIVITY R ELATIONSHIP R EVISITED IN K ENYA Milu Muyanga & T.S. Jayne Agricultural, Food and Resource.
Research Strategy. 2 Research Strategy: Basic Premises The future of Indian agriculture depends on successfully facing the challenges of greater market.
International Livestock Research institute
PERSPECTIVES ON ENHANCING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AND ADOPTION OF TECHNOLOGY THROUGH MARKET ACCESS INTRODUCTION.
Microfinance and small holder farmers productivity
Under What Circumstances Can the Use of Price Policy Contribute to Improved Food Security Ephraim W. Chirwa Presented at FAO Consultation on “Trade Policy.
The Fluctuation in the price of rice market
NS4960 Spring Term 2017 Mexico: Electricity Prices
Theory and Practice of Fertilizer Subsidies in Africa
Reducing Hunger and Extreme Poverty: towards a coherent policy agenda
AAMP Training Materials
REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON SELECTED POLICIES (Secondary notE)
Food Systems and Food Policy: A Global Perspective
Strategic Policies for a More Competitive Agriculture Sector
Christopher B. Barrett, Cornell University
Presentation transcript:

FRA PRICING MECHANISMS PRESENTATION AT THE NRG-V Chilundika and Mulungu Tuesday, 13 October 2015

Study Aims and Objectives  This study aims to investigate and provide an understanding into FRA’s Rationale for maize floor pricing The price determination process Maize pricing market effects And to give reccomendations on best practices based on findings 2

Why is this Important?  Approximately 80% of smallholders grow maize  Maize accounts for 60% of all calories consumed in the country  Rural poverty levels remain stubbornly high at 77.9% (twice that of urban poverty)  Conditions for rural smallholders (cultivating less than 5ha) are the worst, with the incidence of poverty at 78.1% 3

Agriculture marketing before FRA  Prior to liberalization, maize marketing was controlled by a Grain Marketing Boards (GMB)  NAMBOARD set pan-territorial/pan-seasonal producer prices, and handled GRZ maize imports and distribution  Its heavy involvement in grain marketing scaled back during structural adjustment in 1980s and 1990s until it was abolished in 1989  marketing functions were then transferred to cooperatives- ZCF 4

Establishment of FRA  Through FRA, government has become a major player in the domestic maize market since 1996  Constituted by an Act of Parliament in 1996 with a mandate to set up and administer national food reserves  Crop marketing and “market facilitation” were officially added as FRA functions when the Food Reserve Act was amended in

Establishment of FRA  At this point, FRA changed from a SGR to a GMB  Initially with maize only, the agency has expanded to include rice and cassava  Maize is the most important crop in Zambia and the FRA’s emphasis has been almost exclusively on maize 6

Maize Floor Price Rationale 7

Maize Floor Price Rationale cont’..  FRA’s original mandate to secure food reserves and stabilise maize prices was based on welfare concerns To establish food security To increase the average maize price level To attain low variability of maize prices (stabilise prices)  However, there is also general perception that FRA pricing is politically motivated Bulk of the population is engaged in maize production 8

Maize Floor Price Rationale cont’..  FRA sets a pan-territorial floor price to purchase maize from smallholder farmers  Between 2003 and 2008, the FRA’s activities have raised mean maize market prices by 19%, and reduced price covariance by 36%  Nationally, FRA prices are always above the private sector prices while at district level they have mostly been above private sector prices 9

Maize Floor Price Trends 10

Floor Price Determination  Various factors influence the level at which the maize price floor is set including; Level of production Level of expected sales Budget funding availabilty Elections??  There is always a conflict for government to provide adequate price incentives for maize production while keeping food prices low to attain food security 11

Floor Price Determination cont’.. * Significant at Correlation

Floor Price Determination cont’.. 13

Floor Price Determination cont’..  Pricing above market price is common among most GMBs  For example, Kenya’s National Cereals and Produce Board (NCPB) also buys at usually above market price though from large-scale farmers  However this allocation is not efficient 14

Floor Price Determination cont’.. 15 Effect on the market

Floor Price Determination cont’.. 16

Floor Pricing Market Effects  FRA’s activities have raised mean maize market prices by 19%, and reduced price CV of maize by 36%, However;  Regarding welfare goals, FRA’s policies are regressive  They harm a large proportion of rural households who are net buyers of maize (49%) and urban consumers ( high priced maize = higher mealiemeal prices) 17

Floor Pricing Market Effects cont’…  FRA maize floor pricing activities have crowded out the following key players in the maize markets; commercial maize producers- there has been a decline in futures maize contracts Commercial millers due to selective subsidy allocations to millers Informal millers as maize has become too expensive for them Small holder traders as they are not competitive 18

Floor Pricing Market Effects Source: Kuteya and Jayne, Subsidies to Millers

Floor Pricing Market Effects cont’…  FRA floor price is not optimal as it is always higher than the average market price  The floor price causes market distortion and crowds out private sector participation in maize markets  Planned purchases are always different from what is actually purchased, an indication of the political nature of FRA activities 20

Floor Pricing Market Effects cont’… Source: Kuteya and Sitko,

Key take aways  FRA mandate and pricing rationale is based on welfare and political concerns by the government  The floor price is aimed at providing adequate production incentives and stabilising maize prices  In effect, floor pricing is regressive for the majority of smallholder farmers and urban consumers, and crowds out private sector activity in the market 22

Key Reccomendations  Zambia needs a clear maize marketing bill that ensures the following; That FRA sticks to its mandate of purchasing only national reserves That floor pricing benefits the rural poor and urban consumers More efforts are targetd towards making farmers competiitve by increasing their productivity Encouraging more competition among milling companies and other value chain particpant 23

Thank you for you Attention! 24