Clinical Medical Assisting Chapter 12: Muscular and Skeletal Systems

Objectives Identify combining word forms of the muscular system and their role in the formation of medical terms Define the structures and functions of the muscular system List abbreviations related to the muscular system Identify combining word forms of the skeletal system and their role in the formation of medical terms Define the structures and functions of the skeletal system

Objectives (con’t) List abbreviations related to the skeletal system Define rehabilitation medicine and explain its importance in patient care Discuss the importance of correct posture and body mechanics and demonstrate how to safely transfer patients and lift or move heavy objects using proper body mechanics Describe safety precautions and techniques used when helping a patient to ambulate and demonstrate how to assist the patient to safely stand and walk

Chapter Overview The muscular and skeletal systems (known collectively as the musculoskeletal system) include bones, joints, muscles, and surrounding tissues that support and move the body. The 206 bones of the adult human body that make up the skeletal system provide structure and protection for the body’s organs and are the points of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and tendons. The muscular system, including more than 600 muscles, tendons, and ligaments, coordinates the body’s movements. The muscular system also gives the body shape and form.

Structure and Function of the Muscular and Skeletal Systems Bones make up the skeleton, which is the body’s frame and provides protection to internal organs.

Bones Each bone in the human body is a unique organ, with its own blood supply, nerves, and lymphatic system.

Joints A joint is the point at which two or more bones meet.

Muscles Muscle activity determines physical function

Diseases and Disorders of the Muscular and Skeletal Systems Disorders of the muscular and skeletal systems vary in presentation, amount of pain, and level of care required.

Bursitis and Tendonitis Tendonitis is an inflammation of a tendon.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome A set of symptoms that occurs among people who use their hands on a regular basis.

Bursitis and Tendonitis Bursitis is a painful inflammation of the bursa.

Dislocation Displacement of a bone at a joint

Epicondylitis An inflammation of the forearm extensor tendon at its attachment to the humerus

Fibromyalgia Characterized by diffuse, widespread pain

Fracture A disruption of the continuity of the bone

Gout An accumulation of uric acid

Hallux Valgus Lateral deviation of the big toe, accompanied by the enlargement of the first metatarsal head

Herniated Disk Occurs when the gel inside the vertebral discs of the spine is forced outside the disc

Kyphosis Abnormal bowing or rounding of the upper back

Lordosis Abnormal convex curvature of the low back

Scoliosis A sideways or lateral curvature of the spine

Osteoarthritis The most common type of joint inflammation

Osteopenia and Osteoporosis The bone-remodeling process is affected by age