Sand Sampling Apparatus Eglin AFRL Gina Teofilak Dan Mortensen Ruben De Sousa Richard Klimas Jr.

Sand Fracture Mechanisms During High-Speed Sand Impacts William “Bill” Cooper, MSgt Wes Schuler, LT Brad Breaux, Lalit Chhabildas AFRL/RW Munitions Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory Phil Metzger Granular Mechanics & Surface Systems Lab NASA, Kennedy Space Center Victor Giurgiutiu Air Force Office of Scientific Research

The Experiment Target filled with sand Projectile shot through the target Documentation of virgin & impacted sand grain morphology

The Projectile Hemispherical-nosed projectile 25.4 mm (1.00 in) diameter, L/D=7 V impact = 577 m/s (1,890 ft/s)

The Problem There is no good technique for extracting sand samples Sample location is often unknown Extraction time is lengthy

Current Methodology Researchers use the Archeological Method to shovel excess sand from the target Once the top layer of sand is removed, the researchers remove the impacted sand for analysis Scientific Method

Deviations Pusher plate on the projectile Plate catches up to the projectile and knocks it Path curves towards the end

Scope and Customer Need Replace the archeological method for removing samples with a more efficient method. Take Samples of impacted sand without disturbing the path

Product Specifications Budget of $1500 Retrieval of sample from a desired location Able to withstand outdoor conditions  Corrosion/sand resistant Portable and detachable

Immediate Thought

Design Idea 1: Vacuuming Vacuum excess top layer down to the compacted path Vacuum a small layer of sand from path Obtain sample with sticky tape Vacuum next layer and repeat. *Requires Aluminum Extrusion along edges of target.

Design idea 2: Rotating Blades Designed after an old fashioned lawn mower (3-4 blades) Rotating blades will “mow” top layer of sand Vacuum attachment to suction out sand. *Requires Aluminum Extrusion along edges of target.

Design idea 3: Core Sampling Requires use of actuators Corer made of clear tubing Sample taken to a desired depth Layers are more distinguishable *Requires Aluminum Extrusion along edges of target.

Design Idea 4: Vacuum Core Sample Based on Design Idea #3 Vacuum suction aids in the coring process Samples from the core will be put onto the tape for further investigation *Requires Aluminum Extrusion along edges of target.

Design idea 5: Use of a Vortex Fine tip Separation of particles due to centrifugal force Sampling location

Concept Selection Specifications  Portability  Lightweight  User Friendly  Accuracy  Ease of Construction  Budget  Time Weighted Importance Rating

Selection Matrix Concepts Apparatus with vacuum Gear blade shovel Core Sampling Vortex tube Vacuum core sampling Specifications Importance WeightRating Weighted scoreRating Wieghted scoreRating Wieghted scoreRating Wieghted scoreRating Wieghted score Portability15% Lightweight20% User Friendly5% Accuracy30% Ease of construction10% Budget15% Time5% Score Selection Yes No

Conclusion: Chosen Concept Design idea 1  Vacuuming by layers to desired depth  Sticky Tape Linear motion Actuators Aluminum Extrusion Ability to use previous coursework  Statics  Dynamics  Materials  Fluid design (piping system)

Future Plans Design plans take the current experiment and future improvements into consideration Detailed design of chosen concept Field Trip to Eglin  Tentatively set for October 31 st