Estimated cumulative global groundwater depletion ( ) (from Konikow, 2011) Examples and governance measures to effectively manage GDASEs Peter Dillon NATIONAL RESEARCH FLAGSHIP Draft Thematic Paper #4 for GEF/FAO facilitated by IAH through World Wide Ground Water IMWI Small holder GDASE Workshop, Nov 2014

The bad news... Outcome of international groundwater governance experiments...and the very good news Examples of highly successful groundwater management Synthesis of new pathways to sustainable systems

Types of groundwater storage management Conventional Laisser-faire (let the aquifer decide) Improve water use efficiency Entitlement to groundwater linked to land ownership Prior rights Centralised system of consumption constraints Innovative Groundwater user collectives Decentralised system of tradable entitlements and allocations Managed aquifer recharge (in fresh and brackish aquifers) Substitutional supplies 3 |

4 | Dominant groundwater entitlement systems and groundwater uses in relation to storage decline

Farmer water management school activities at Pasuquin, Philippines Presentation title | Presenter name 5 | Pump operation and measurement of dischargeField day and exhibition stations manned by FWMS farmers Recording monthly rainfalls and groundwater levels photos by Samuel Contreras, Philippines Bureau of Soil and Water Management Coastal aquifer not yet over-exploited Electricity supply coming High social cohesion of villagers and willing to act cooperatively Farmer-led groundwater management based on training by govt staff in soil, irrigation and groundwater monitoring and management

Hivre Bazaar, Maharashtra, India Presentation title | Presenter name 6 | (Sources from various Hivre Bazaar websites). catchment before intervention a percolation tank for aquifer recharge consequent productive irrigated agriculture

Namoi, NSW, Aust - Water sharing plan with groundwater trading (from NWC, 2011) 7 | Value of water uses from Roberts et al (2006) (units A$, 2004) Cap and trade system for s/w & g/w g/w use increases to 78% in dry years 12 zones with different water stresses Annual entitlements issued 2006: 376Mm 3 s/w and 250Mm 3 g/w including non-tradeable supplementary licences which reduce to zero over 3-10yrs depending on zone. Groundwater trading of up to 12Mm 3 /yr and s/w 18Mm 3 /yr to compensate for decline in supplementary licenses. Overall g/w use is decreasing and reallocated to higher valued uses based on trading between irrigators.

Sand dams to spread water Relining a recharge pit Infiltration of river water, Burdekin Delta, Queensland

Soil Aquifer Treatment, with recycled water, Alice Springs, NT SAT basins first fill in June 2008 photo by NT Power and Water DAF at water reclamation plant

“Los Arenales” aquifer, Castilla y León, Spain Presentation title | Presenter name 10 |. Diagram of recharge basin on pipeline from river that recharges groundwater Water from wastewater treatment entering recharge ditch Water replenishing wetland Recharge to offset over-exploitation for irrigation, established by government and transferred to communities of irrigators. However irrigation is increasing.

Three pronged approach to managing groundwater storage in Arizona, USA Presentation title | Presenter name 11 | Agua Fria Recharge Project infiltration basins recharge CAP water to replenish groundwater and accumulate a recharge credit for future groundwater use (from Arizona Water Banking Authority ). Cumulative water deliveries by Arizona Water Banking Authority (Arizona Water Banking Authority 2011) 1.Law quantifies groundwater rights 2.Water banking to increase storage 3.Substituting s/w for g/w

Integrated water resources management through MAR and conjunctive use Water supply sustained and Ecosystem protected Ground water Surface water MANAGED AQUIFER RECHARGE CONJUNCTIVE MANAGEMENT Natural water Urban storm water Treated sewage Desalinated water

Hydrologic equilibrium reached through reducing extraction, providing alternative supplies or MAR 13 | Conjunctive use MAR Native groundwater

Economics of incorporating managed aquifer recharge and alternative supplies Presentation title | Presenter name 14 |

A decision tree proposed for policy reform to achieve agreed objectives in stressed and unstressed aquifers Presentation title | Presenter name 15 | eg, Pasuquin, Philippines; Andhra Pradesh, India eg, Namoi, Aust.; Arizona Water Banking Authority, USA eg.? eg. Alice Springs, Aust

Towards Water Quality Guidelines for Managed Aquifer Recharge in India 16 | AusAID project (with Central Ground Water Board to conclude 2014) will develop MAR Guidelines that relate to information available and improve protection of human health with water safety plans Photos by Dr D.K. Chadha

17 | Hazards Affecting GDEsreceptor and associated monitoring methods Excessive changes in water tables or pressures Aquifer microbial community Aquifer stygofauna Organisms in connected surface water ecosystems Vegetation in groundwater dependent ecosystems Marine organisms Water quality changes (including pesticides)

Ecosystem impacts Presentation title | Presenter name 18 |

Presentation title | Presenter name 19 |