Model structure and data treatment of IMACLIM-CHINA Wang Yu Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy Tsinghua University 29 January, 2015

China’s Energy Balance  China’s Energy balance  Base year 2010: match with five-year plan of China  Data Focus  Industry: enlarge the industry sector in energy end-use into 42 sectors to describe the change between industry  Transportation: reform the transportation sector according to the international statistical standards  Non-fossil energy: list the may non-fossil energy in the table to simulate the contribution of energy structure improvement

Data process-1 1.Adjustment in energy types—14 types  Combined energy types from China’s Energy (4) 3 Raw CoalCleanedWashedBriquettesGangue Total coal Coke Coke Oven Gas Blast Furnace Gas Converter Gas Coke GasolineKeroseneDiesel OilFuel OilNaphtha Lubricants Petroleum Waxes White spirit Bitumen Asphalt Petroleum Coke LPG Refinery Gas Other Petroleum Products Liquid fuel Natural GasLNG Gases

Data process-1 1.Adjustment in energy types—14 types  Original energy types from China’s Energy Balance (4)  Renewable energy types (6) 4 Crude oilHeat Electricity (thermal power) Other energy Biomass Hydro power NuclearWind powerSolar Geothermal power and other RE

Data process-2 2.Adjustment in Total Primary Energy Supply--5 supplies  Indigenous Production 5 Electricity Indigenous Production Hydro Power Nuclear Power Wind Power Total Final Consumption Agriculture Industry Construction Transport, Storage and Post Wholesale, Retail Trade and Hotel, Restaurants Others Residential Consumption HydroNuclearWindElectricity Indigenous production Total final consumption

Data process-2 2.Adjustment in Total Primary Energy Supply--5 supplies  Recovery of Energy– no change  Imports (Import and Domestic Airplanes and Ships Refueling)  Exports (Export and Oversea Airplanes and Ships Refueling)  Stock Change– no change 6 Import Domestic Air planes & Ships Refueling in Abroad Export (-) Oversea Air planes &Ships Refueling in China Import Export

Data process-3 3.Adjustment in Input and Output of Transformation -- 8 transformations  Separate coal to oil from petroleum refineries  Merge natural gas liquefaction and briquettes to other transformation 7 二. 加工转换投入产出量 Input(-) & Output(+) of Transformation 1. 火力发电 Thermal Power 2. 供 热 Heating Supply 3. 洗 选 煤 Coal Washing 4. 炼 焦 Coking 5. 炼油及煤制油 Petroleum Refineries and coal to oil Petroleum Refineries Coal to oil 6. 制 气 Gas WorksGas works 7. 天然气液化 Natural Gas Liquefaction Others 8. 煤制品加工 Briquettes * According to literature review: whole coal consumed in item 5 was assumed to be used to generate oil. The the production of coal to oil was 1.5 million tce in 2010

Data process-4 4.Adjustment in Transportation  100% of gasoline consumed in agriculture and residential sector, and 95% of gasoline consumed in industry, construction and service sectors were moved to transportation  95% of diesel consumed in agriculture and residential sector, and 35% of diesel consumed in industry, construction and service sectors were moved to transportation 8 Total Final ConsumptionGasolineDieselOil Agriculture Industry Construction Transport, Storage and Post Wholesale, Retail Trade and Hotel, Restaurants Others Residential Consumption

Data process-4 4.Adjustment in Transportation—4 modes Transporta- tion RoadPublicPrivateUrbanRuralRailwayFreightPassengerFlightFreightPassengerWaterFreightPassenger * Separate according to Turnover Volume

Data process-5 5.Adjustment in Industry 四. 终端消费量 Total Final Consumption 1. 农、林、牧、渔 业 Farming, Forestry, Animal Husbandry, Fishery Conservancy 2. 工业 Industry 3. 建筑业 Construction 4. 交通运输、仓储 和邮政业 Transport, Storage and Post 5. 批发、零售业和 住宿、餐饮业 Wholesale, Retail Trade and Hotel, Restaurants 6. 其他 Others 7. 生活消费 Residential Consumption Mining and Quarrying (6) Mining and Washing of Coal Extraction of Petroleum and Natural Gas Manufacturing (30) Processing of Food from Agricultural Products Manufacture of Non-metallic Mineral Products Smelting and Pressing of Ferrous Metals Manufacture of Transport Equipment Manufacture of Electrical Machinery and Equipment Gas and Water Production and Supply (2) Production and Distribution of Gas Production and Distribution of Water Final Energy Consumption By Industrial Sector-2010

Data process-6 6.Adjustment between Input and Output of Transformation and final energy consumption in Industry Final consumption CoalCokePetroleumCrude Oil Natural Gas HeatElectricity Production and Distribution of Electric Power and Heat Power Transformation Thermal Power Heating Supply Transportation

Data process-7 7.Adjustment in Renewable Energy (6 types) Non-fossil energy Biomass Electricity Biogas BiofuelHydro power Solar energy Electricity Heating Nuclear power Wind power Geothermal & others Electricity Heating

Data process-7 I. Electricity generation Based on energy balance table RenewableTWh761 Hydro power687 Wind power49 Biomass25 Solar power0.1 Geothermal0.15 Nuclear 87 II. Gas generation Biogas10 8 m III. Heating supply Solar water heater10 4 tce2128 Geothermal460 IV. Fuels Biomass pellets10 4 ton300 Bio-ethanol186 Bio diesel50 V. Total National electricity generationTWh42278 RE & nuclear electricity/ total%18.00%

Data process-7 7.Adjustment in Renewable Energy (6 types)  All the Renewable Electricity are connected to Grid  All the Renewable Energy are consumed by Final Consumer 煤合计焦炭油品合计原油生物质能水能核能风能太阳能 地热能及 其他 RE 天然气热力电力其他能源 Coal Total Coke Total Petroleu m Crude OilBio-mass Hydro Power Nuclear Power Wind Power Solar Power Other RE Natural Gas HeatElectricity Other Energy

Data process-7 7.Adjustment in Renewable Energy (6 types)  -Bio-mass fuel includes Biomass Briquette, Bioethanol and Biodiesel  -Bioethanol and Biodiesel → Transportation  -Biomass Briquette → Industry and Residential Consumption in Rural Area (1:2)  -Methane → First Industry and Residential Consumption in Rural Area (1:8)  -Solar Water Heater → Third Industry and Residential Consumption in Rural Area (1:1)  -Geo-Heating → First Industry, Third Industry and Residential Consumption equally in Rural Area and Urban Area (3:47:50) 15

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