Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. What is the difference between male and female sexual reproduction? Do Now

15 Lesson 15.1: Reproduction and Development of the Human Reproductive Systems Lesson 15.2: Male Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 15.3: Female Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 15.4: Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth Lesson 15.5: Disorders and Diseases of the Reproductive System The Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Lesson 15.1 Reproduction and Development of the Human Reproductive Systems Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Centromere Chromatids Chromosomes Crossovers Diploid Haploid Fertilization FSH LH Gametes Meiosis Mitosis Menarche zygote Vocabulary

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. reproduction mitosis versus meiosis development and puberty Reproduction and Development of the Human Reproductive Systems

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. chromosomes –made of DNA, contain genes asexual reproduction –offspring are a clone of parent sexual reproduction –a gamete from each parent combine to make a zygote (genetically unique individual) Reproduction

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Mitosis versus Meiosis

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Mitosis one cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells homologous chromosomes –chromosomes duplicate in interphase –stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase result –two cells, each with 46 chromosomes identical to the mother cell chromosome number –diploid – two copies of each chromosome –normal body cells are diploid Mitosis versus Meiosis

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Mitosis versus Meiosis

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Mitosis versus Meiosis

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Mitosis versus Meiosis

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Meiosis –produces gametes, or sex cells –stages meiosis I – homologous chromosomes separate meiosis II – sister chromatids separate Result –haploid – one version of each chromosome –four haploid cells with 23 chromosomes each Mitosis versus Meiosis

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 1.Is genetic diversity possible in asexual reproduction? 2.Name an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction. 3.How is a gamete different from normal human cells in the body? 4.What is the end result of mitosis? 5.Is a haploid cell associated with mitosis or meiosis? 6.What is the end result of meiosis? Review

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 1.What is puberty? Do Now

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. if SRY gene is present –(sex-determining region y) –7th week of development male sex organs begin development Testes secrete testosterone if SRY gene is not present –8th week of development female sex organs begin development After birth, hormone levels decline rapidly –FSH/LH (follicle-stimulating/ hormone luteinizing hormone) Reproductive organs remain nonfunctional Embryonic and Fetal Development

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Stages of Life –Infancy (0-1), toddlerhood (1-3), early childhood (3-5), middle childhood (6-10), adolescence (11-19), early adulthood (20-39), middle adulthood (40-65), older adulthood (66>) Final maturation of the reproductive system Begins between 8-13 yrs female, 9-14 yrs males Stimulus release of GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) –Causes pituitary gland in the brain to produce FSH and LH –Testosterone/estrogen then produced Puberty

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Adolescence-development of secondary sexual characteristics –females 1st phase-breast growth Axillary/pubic hair Pelvis width Menarche 2 yrs later –Males 1 st phase-growth of scrotum and testes Size of larynx and length of vocal cords By the end, mature sperm present Puberty

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 1.Is the SRY gene associated with the development of males or females? 2.Elevated levels of which hormone initiate puberty: LH, FSH, or GnRH? 3.Name at least one secondary sex characteristic shared by males AND females. 4.Summarize the human growth and development cycle. Review

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Lesson 15.1 Questions 1-12 Independent Practice-30 mins

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Match these words with 1–4 below: male, chromosomes, meiosis, puberty. 1. maturation of the reproductive system 2. if SRY gene is present 3. made of DNA, contain genes 4. gamete production Do Now

Lesson 15.2 Male Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Bulbourethral glands Ductus deferens ejaculation Erection Gonads Penis Prostate gland Semen Seminal vesicles Seminiferous tubules sperm Vocabulary

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Male Reproductive Anatomy

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Primary reproductive organ –Gonads Testes (testicles) –Gametes (sperm) Accessory reproductive organs –External genitals (scrotum, penis) –Five accessory glands prostate, 2 seminal glands, 2 bulbourethral glands Glands release seminal fluid Male Reproductive Anatomy

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Scrotum –Cremaster/dartos muscles Testes –sperm produced seminiferous tubules in testes –sperm mature in epididymis/holds testes in place Male Reproductive Anatomy

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Ducts of the male reproductive system –Transport sperm from testes to external urethral orifice 1. ductus deferens 2. ejaculatory ducts - formed from outlet of ampulla & and duct form seminal gland - joins urethra accessory glands and semen –seminal glands –prostate gland –bulbourethral glands Male Reproductive Anatomy

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. sperm formation –spermatogenesis –begins at puberty –semen is fluid Five accessory glands Prostate (25%), 2 seminal glands (70%), 2 bulbourethral glands (small amount) Glands release seminal fluid penis –delivers sperm to female, contains erectile tissue sexual response –Erection, Nitric Oxide –Ejaculation, million sperm per mL (2-5mL total v Male Reproductive Physiology

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Fill in the blanks with: epididymis, spermatogenesis, testes, or penis. 1. Sperm formation is _______________. 2. The _______________ delivers sperm to the female. 3. Sperm mature in the _______________. 4. Sperm is produced in the _______________. Review and Assessment

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 1. Place hw on desk to be checked. 2. Review Homework q’s 1-10 (pg539) Do Now

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 1. Place all assignments on desk to be checked End of Lesson Assessment Outline “Checking for Understanding” Q’s pgs 542,543,544,545,548 Do Now-Take out Assignment

Lesson 15.3 Female Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Cervix Clitoris Labia majora Labia minora Lactiferous duct Mammary glands Oocyte Oogenesis Ovarian cycle Ovulation Uterine cycle Uterine tubes Uterus vagina Vocabulary

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Female Reproductive System Anatomy

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. the ovaries –oocyte egg cell –ovulation release of egg from the ovary Female Reproductive System Anatomy

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. ducts of the female reproductive system –uterine tubes connect ovary to uterus Ectopic pregnancy uterus – womb –Perimeytrium/myometriu m/endometrium –Functional layer is shed –cervix Female Reproductive System Anatomy

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. vagina –birth canal –acidic pH external genitalia –labia – majora and minora –clitoris erectile tissue Female Reproductive System Anatomy

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. mammary glands –estrogen stimulates maturation –prolactin- –lactation-milk production –Lactiferous duct Female Reproductive System Anatomy areola

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. oocyte production process begins before birth Stops partway through the 1 st meiotic division –1-2 million primordial follicles at birth –¼-1/2 million puberty –500 oocytes released over a lifetime polar bodies secondary oocyte –Second meiotic division completes if fertilization occurs Oogenesis Vesicular follicle Granulosa cells

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. also known as the menstrual cycle ovarian cycle –maturation and release of oocyte –Follicular/luteal phases the uterine cycle –uterus readies for implantation –Menstrual/proliferativ e/secretory phases The Female Sexual Cycle

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. the follicular phase –dominant primary follicle –Granulosa cells secrete estrogen –Estrogen inhibits FSH –pituitary gland releases FSH and LH -High levels of LH -Completion of 1 st meiotic division, -Beginning of 2nd –Ovulation The Ovarian Cycle Vesicular follicle

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. the luteal phase –corpus luteum Secretes progesterone –estrogen decreases after ovulation Still secreted by corp lut –disintegration corp lut causes prog/estr to plummet The Ovarian Cycle Vesicular follicle

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. the menstrual phase –endometrium breaks down and sheds the proliferative phase –endometrium (functional layer) grows back -the secretory phase –endometrium prepares to nourish embryo –Increased progesterone -Nutrient secreting glands -Blood vessels The Uterine Cycle

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 1.What are the two major differences between male and female sexual reproduction systems? 2.On which day of the menstrual cycle is the female most likely to conceive? 3.Describe what causes the corpus luteum to disintegrate. Exit Slip Quiz- SHHHH! No Talking.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. stimulation –tactile –psychological orgasm Female Sexual Response

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. True or False? 1. The vagina is the birth canal. 2. Oogenesis makes sperm. 3. The ovary is also called the womb. 4. Oogenesis begins before birth. 5. Ovulation is release of sperm from the ovary. Review and Assessment

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 1.What are the two major differences (that were discussed) between male and female sexual reproduction systems? 2.On which day of the menstrual cycle is the female most likely to conceive? 3.Describe what causes the corpus luteum to disintegrate. 4. True or False? Oogenesis begins before birth. Do Now Quiz-

Lesson 15.4 Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. fertilization of the oocyte pregnancy childbirth lactation Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. the journey of the sperm –vagina, uterus, uterine tube –capacitation takes up to 10 hours Process by which sperm becomes able to penetrate and fertilize an oocyte –Can live up to 5 days in the female reproductive tract sperm penetration –zona pellucida acrosomal enzymes –Allow to penetrate the oocyte protective glycoproteins Fertilization of the Oocyte

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. protection against polyspermy –only one sperm is required for fertilization/more than one sperm causes death of oocyte –chemistry of the zona pellucida changes after sperm entry Inc. Na+ oocyte >>releases Ca++ Shield around oocyte completion of meiosis and fertilization –sperm entry causes completion of 2 nd meiosis -->>polar body and ZYGOTE Fertilization of the Oocyte

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Gestation lasts approximately 265 days –(~40 wks) from fertilization to implantation= 7 days Pregnancy Day 4/ blastocysts zona pellucida shed Day 3/ Morula Zygote= Fertilized egg

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Implantation –Day 7 blastocyst binds to endometrium (trophoblast cells develop) Trophoblasts secrete hCG –Prevents corpus luteum from deteriorating –Complete 12 days after fertilization From Fertilization to Implantation

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. From Fertilization to Implantation

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Pg552 Q1-5 (Vote for me) Exit Ticket - Have a Good 3 day Weekend!

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. embryo –after implantation to 8 weeks placenta –organ that supplies nutrients to embryo and fetus fetus –after 8 weeks of development –cardiovascular system Development of Placenta, Embryo, and Fetus

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Development of Placenta, Embryo, and Fetus

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Development of Placenta, Embryo, and Fetus

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. parturition –birth oxytocin stages of labor –dilation –expulsion –delivery of placenta Childbirth 6RNE

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. production of breast milk activation of milk-producing cells –prolactin delivery of milk through ducts to the nipple –oxytocin Lactation

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Development of Placenta, Embryo, and Fetus-Review 1.How long is gestation when measured from the first day of the menstrual period? 2.What is the term for the process by which the blastocyst binds to the endometrium? 3.Which organ system is the first to function in a meaningful way? 4.At which point in its development does the embryo become a fetus?

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Match these words with 1–4 below: dilation, prolactin, implantation, birth. 1. activation of milk producing cells 2. parturition 3. a stage of labor 4. blastocyst binds to endometrium Review and Assessment

Lesson 15.5 Disorders and Diseases of the Reproductive System Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. What could cause infertility? Do Now

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Male infertility 1.Inability of sperm to be released erectile dysfunction 2.Insufficient amount of healthy sperm low sperm count Low hormones Inc temp Drugs/alcohol Female infertility 1.failure to ovulate PCOS Abnormal hormone levels Menopause scarring 2.inability of egg to reach uterine tube Scarring/damage/STD 3.lack of implantation Endometriosis Fibroids Infertility >1 year of unprotected intercourse leading to 0 pregnancies

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Infertility

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. viral –HIV and AIDS –genital herpes Herpes Simplex Virus 1&2 HSV2=1:6 Americans Blisters, sores –human papillomavirus (HPV) 1:2 infected (2 yrs for immune system to clear) Warts/cervical cancer bacterial –Gonorrhea Pain/discharge –Chlamydia Most commonly reported No symptoms Annual screening –pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Sexually Transmitted Diseases HSV2 in pregnancy HSV2

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Sexually Transmitted Diseases HPV PAP smear

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Gonorrhea

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. detection and prevention –symptoms genital discharge, sores, rash, burning during urination, and growths –prevention condom, abstinence Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. prostate cancer –2 nd most frequent cause of mortality –PSA test Prostate-specific antigen cancers of the female reproductive tract –uterine cancer Most frequently diagnosed –ovarian cancer Causes most death out of any other reproductive cancer No symptoms –cervical cancer 3 rd most commonly diagnosed >20,000 deaths per years –breast cancer Most common cause of death after lung cancer Cancers of the Reproductive System

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. female reproductive tract –uterine cancer Most frequently diagnosed hysterectomy –ovarian cancer Causes most death out of any other reproductive cancer No symptoms –cervical cancer 3 rd most commonly diagnosed >20,000 deaths per years PAP/HPV breast cancer Most common cause of death after lung cancer Cancers of the Reproductive System

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. True or False? 1. Abstinence will prevent spread of STDs. 2. A virus causes AIDS. 3. A virus causes gonorrhea. 4. A bacterium causes genital herpes. 5. Genital discharge is a symptom of STDs. Review and Assessment

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Complete 1-14 (pg565) Independent Assignment