Supplemental Figure 1. Comparison of mean Barthel index score at entry between Centenarians age groups Age at entry; years A B Age at entry; years YC (n=207)SSCC (n=89) SC (n=5) SC (n=58) SSC (n=262) Notes: P values were calculated using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). YC=younger centenarians; SSC=semi-supercentenarians; SC=supercentenarians. P=0.001 P=0.026

Ⅰ（ Independent ） Ⅱ（ Minimally or partially dependent ） Ⅲ（ Totally or very dependent ） ADL status Supplemental Figure 2. Age-Specific Kaplan-Meier Survival Plots According to Physical Functional Status Survival P < Time No. at risk Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Survival P = Time No. at risk Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Survival P = Time No. at risk Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Survival P = Time No. at risk Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Survival Time No. at risk Ⅱ Ⅲ Survival AB CD EF 100 – 101 years102 – 104 years 105 – 106 years107 – 109 years 110 years or older P = Time No. at risk ≥ median < median ≥ median < median Bartlel Index P = 0.057

Supplemental Figure 3. Longitudinal changes in disability patterns of Semi-supercentenarians (n = 35) Notes: In a subset of semi-supercentenarians (n = 35) in whom ADL status was assessed on multiple occasions at an average interval of 3.6 years, longitudinal declines in functional status were similar to the corresponding disability pattern (Figure 1, B row) obtained from cross-sectional observations. Age at examination; years A Age at examination; years B % %