Chapter 8 Section 4 Angiosperms

Characteristics of Angiosperms Flowering plants Produce flowers Produce fruits (seeds are enclosed by fruits) Live almost everywhere on Earth

The Structure of Flowers All have the same function, reproduction Flower: reproductive structure of an angiosperm Some flowers lack “parts”

A leaf-like structure that encloses the bud of a flower Sepals Sepals A leaf-like structure that encloses the bud of a flower Often green in color, protect developing flower

Colorful, leaf-like structure of some flowers Petals Colorful, leaf-like structure of some flowers Size, shape, color, and number of petals vary from flower to flower

Thin stalk of the stamen Anther Produces pollen, top of filament Stamens Male reproductive parts Filament Thin stalk of the stamen Anther Produces pollen, top of filament

Female reproductive parts Center of most flowers Pistils Female reproductive parts Center of most flowers

Protects seeds as they develop, contain one or more ovules Parts of the Pistil Stigma Sticky tip of pistil Style Slender tube, connects stigma to hollow structure (ovary) at base of flower Ovary Protects seeds as they develop, contain one or more ovules

Color, shape, and scents of flowers attract insects and other animals Pollinators Color, shape, and scents of flowers attract insects and other animals These organisms ensure that pollination occurs

Reproduction of Angiosperms Pollen (sperm cell) falls on flower’s stigma Sperm cell and egg cell join together in ovule Zygote develops into the embryo part of the seed

Pollination Occurs when grain of pollen lands on stigma Wind Animals

Fertilization Pollen falls on stigma, fertilization can occur Sperm cell and egg cell join together in the ovule within the ovary Zygote begins develops into seed’s embryo

Fruit Development and Seed Dispersal After fertilization, seed develops into a fruit Fruit: a ripened ovary and other structures that enclose one or more seeds Apples, cherries, tomatoes, squash

Two Types of Angiosperms Monocots Angiosperms that have only one seed leaf, or cotyledon Dicot Angiosperms that have two seed leaves, or cotyledons

Monocot Ex. Corn, Wheat, Rice, Lilies, Tulips PLANT PART MONOCOT PICTURE SEED One cotyledon LEAF Parallel veins STEM Bundles of vascular tissue scattered throughout the stem FLOWER Three petals, or a multiple of three petals

Dicot Ex. Roses, Violets, oak and Maple trees, dandelions, beans, apples PLANT PART DICOT PICTURE SEED Two cotyledons LEAF Branching Veins STEM Bundles of vascular tissue arranged in a ring FLOWER Four or five petals, or multiples of these numbers

Seed Plants in Everyday Life Gymnosperms--- Paper and lumber to build homes Turpentine (rayon fibers in clothing) Rosin (baseball players, gymnasts, musicians) Angiosperms--- Food, clothing, medicine for other organisms