ELECTION OF 1912 Roosevelt looses Republican nomination Roosevelt seizes Progressive Republican League from La Follette and it becomes “Bull Moose” Party Democrats nominate Woodrow Wilson Wilson’s “New Freedom” v. TR’s “Square Deal” (Wilson wanted to break up trusts, make govt. smaller) Wilson elected by significant margin, but still as a MINORITY president REAL WINNER: Progressivism

Map: Presidential Election, 1912 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Presidential Election, 1912 Though he won a minority of the popular votes, Woodrow Wilson captured so many states that he achieved an easy victory in the electoral college.

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17.5 Wilson’s “New Freedom” OBJECTIVE: to learn about Woodrow Wilson’s approach to Progressivism and identify his victories and defeats.

Wilson and Taft Having just squared off in the 1912 election campaign, the two politicians share a light moment before Wilson's inauguration on March 4, (Library of Congress) Wilson and Taft Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Woodrow Wilson Only 2 nd Democratic President since 1861 Family ties with the South Academic Idealistic (hard to compromise – a problem later) Governor of NJ President of Princeton Reformer with popular appeal in era of party “machines”

WILSON’S “NEW FREEDOM” =To attack the triple wall of privilege: TRUSTSTARIFFSHIGH FINANCE

WILSON’S PROGRESSIVE AGENDA TRUST-BUSTING :  Federal Trade Act, 1914  Federal Trade Commission  Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914  strengthen Sherman Anti-Trust Act

WILSON’S PROGRESSIVE AGENDA A NEW TAX SYSTEM ( = REDUCE TARIFFS=LESS FEDERAL INCOME) Underwood Tariff Bill (1913): 1 st reduction since Civil War Sixteenth Amendment: –Federal graduated income tax (starts at $4,000)

WILSON’S PROGRESSIVE AGENDA HIGH FINANCE: Federal Reserve Act creates Federal Reserve System. (Fed. Government could now quickly adjust the amount of money in circulation and make credit more available) 12 Regions with a federal reserve branch could help local banks that ran into trouble

Wilson said, “Without the watchful resolute interference of the government, there can be no fair play between individuals and the trust.” How does this statement reflect Wilson’s approach to reform? Support your answer.

Suffragettes gather in Downtown Detroit to advocate participation in the League of Women Voters, c Woman Suffrage

WOMEN’S THREE PART SUFFRAGE STRATEGY (pp )

Election Day Critics of the woman-suffrage movement, including this cartoonist, believed that women's place was in the home, not in the public sphere. (Library of Congress) Election Day Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Woman Suffrage In 1910 Women could vote in federal election only in WY, UT, CO, ID Suffragettes began organizing women of all classes Carrie Chapman Catt, national leader of NAWSA (Natl. Amer. Woman Suffrage Assoc.) CATT’s STRATEGY: 1.Highly organized 2.Close ties b/w local, state, and natl. associations 3.Cautious lobbying 4.Lady-like behavior RESULT: Successes in WA, CA, KS, OR, and AZ Failure in MI, OH, and WI

NEW TACTICS: National Woman’s Party Mrs. Carrie C. Catt addressing the Congress of the International Women's Suffrage. 5/29/1923. Cleveland Public Library Photograph Collection Preceding the inauguration of Wilson there was a near riot as 5,000 women marched, demanding the vote for women. The march was led by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns

Steadfast Effort

Nineteenth Amendment: Granting Women Suffrage (1920) Women’s continuous lobbying, and the combined strategies of Catt and Paul, as well as women’s contributions to WWI, finally pay off &txtsearchParamType4&txtsearchParamType=ALL&iLevel=1&txtsearchParamMan=ALL&txtsearchParamVen=ALL&txtFromSearch= fromSearch&btnSearch.x=0&btnSearch.y=0

Compare and Contrast Alice Paul and Carrie Catt