Multinational Planning Augmentation Team (MPAT TE-3) Staff Planning Workshop Multinational Planning Augmentation Team (MPAT TE-3) Staff Planning Workshop MNF / CTF Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief Operations Overview

Purpose Broad introduction to the key elements of humanitarian assistance operations VII COA Development VI Transition to a Non Military Effort V Measures of Effeciveness IV NGOs/IO III US Organizations II The Players I Terminology Military NGOs OFDA/DART DOS/EMB UN

US FHA/DR DOCTRINE TERMINOLOGY u Foreign Humanitarian Assistance (FHA): Operations conducted to relieve or reduce the results of natural or manmade disasters or other endemic conditions such as human suffering, disease, or privation that might present a serious threat to life or that can result in great damage to or loss of property. u Conducted outside US – Limited in scope and duration – Assistance provided to supplement or compliment the efforts of the Host Nation (HN) Joint Pub u Disaster Relief (DR): A Subset of Humanitarian Assistance Joint Pub

Multinational Operations: A collective term to describe military actions conducted by forces of two or more nations, typically organized within the structure of a coalition or alliance. Combined Operation: An operation conducted by forces of two or more allied nations acting together for the accomplishment of a single mission. Coalition: an ad hoc arrangement between two or more nations for common action... usually for a single action or longer cooperation in a narrow sector of common interest. Examples: Desert Storm, Somalia Multinational Operations: A collective term to describe military actions conducted by forces of two or more nations, typically organized within the structure of a coalition or alliance. Combined Operation: An operation conducted by forces of two or more allied nations acting together for the accomplishment of a single mission. Coalition: an ad hoc arrangement between two or more nations for common action... usually for a single action or longer cooperation in a narrow sector of common interest. Examples: Desert Storm, Somalia Joint Pub 1-02 More Terminology Joint Pub 1-02

Humanitarian Assistance Operations u Provide Comfort - Turkey/N. Iraq (HA) u Sea Angel I & II - Bangladesh (HA) u Fiery Vigil - Philippines (HA) u Guantanamo/Panama-- Haitian Refugees (HA) u Provide Hope - Former Soviet Union (HA) u Provide Relief - Kenya/Somalia (HA) u Restore Hope - Somalia (HA) u Provide Promise - Former Yugoslavia (HA) u Pacific Haven - Guam (HA) u East Timor (PO / HA)

TYPES OF FHA OPERATIONS COMPLEXITY Unilateral MULTI- NATIONAL UN TYPES OF OPERATIONS

PLAYERS NGO’s/PVO’s Non-Governmental/ Private Volunteer Orgs HOST-NATION GOVERNMENT INTERNATIONAL ORGs (INT’L RED CROSS) IO s OFFICE OF FOREIGN DISASTER ASSISTANCE SUPPORT OFDA MNF / CTF UNITED NATIONS EMBASSIES

Ambassadors/Chiefs of Mission Responsible for Overall Direction, Coordination, and Supervision of Supporting Government Activities in the Host Country Responsible for Successful Completion of the HA/DR and Safety of their Government’s Citizens and DFNs For the US: State Department = Lead Federal Agency

Ambassadors/Chief of Missions The Ambassador Is Not in the Military Chain of Command but a US JTF/CTF Commander Will Fully Support the Ambassador’s Plans and Cooperate With Lead Federal Agency / DOS and Embassy Personnel, Without Compromising Mission Requirements Pg I-6 and II-3, JP

MNF / CTF COMMANDER u Responsible for all phases of the military operation u Provides military assistance to Governmental and Non- governmental agencies as directed by CTF establishing authority. u Establishes Liaison teams u Orchestrates the transition of responsibilities to other agencies

US Unilateral HA / DR Operation: SIMPLIFIED C2 NGOs PVOs IOs PRESIDENT SECSTATESECDEF CINC AMB / COUNTRY TM Humanitarian & Ref. Affairs JTF USAID OFDA/DART HACC/JLOC CMOC HOC

Civil Military Operations Center (CMOC) “In Somalia, a daily meeting was held where the NGOs were briefed on the current situation from all military participants. A review of ongoing humanitarian actions was briefed by NGOs and security requests were processed by the assisting units. In addition, the CMOC served as the venue for UN humanitarian programs to operate from.”

CIVIL MILITARY OPERATIONS CENTER (CMOC) CMOC DIRECTOR OPERATIONS SECTION ADMIN/ SUPPORT SECTION NON-MILITARY REPRESENTATIVES

CMOC NGOs & PVOs USG Agencies UN Children’s Fund Dept of Peacekeeping Operations High Commissioner for Refugees InterActionCARE Doctors of the World Save the Children Intl Rescue Committee OFDA / DART Red Cross ICRC World Food Programme Country Team

“What’s the relationship between a just- arrived military force and the NGOs and PVOs that might have been working in a crisis-torn area all along? What we have is a partnership. If you are successful, they are successful; and if they are successful, you are successful. We need each other.” GEN J. M. Shalikashvili, CJCS NGO / PVO RELATIONSHIP TO THE MNF / CTF

MEASURES OF EFFECTIVENESS APPROPRIATE MISSION- RELATED MEASURABLE REASONABLE IN NUMBER SENSITIVE USEFUL

TRANSITION AND / OR TERMINATION u FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES u TRANSITION PLAN u FISCAL GUIDANCE u TRANSITION CRITERIA TRANSITION

PRINCIPLES OF MILITARY OPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR OBJECTIVE UNITY OF EFFORT PERSEVERANCE SECURITY RESTRAINT LEGITIMACY

HA / DR Lessons Learned u Symbology- Depiction of non-military operations u What is the role of traditional Intel in support of HA/DR u Information Management process u Map Doctrine And Fratricide u BDA- How to quantify in a disaster? u Understanding PSYOP And CA u Non-lethal Weapons- ROE? u Force Protection- Right level? u Field Sanitation- Lost Art?

Lessons Learned (Cont’d) u Each operation differs- No universal doctrine & SOPs u Plan inclusively- include non-military players u Know the players and their relevance to the mission u Use the media: Objectives; scope of assistance; exit strategy u Don’t underestimate people’s coping skills

Thank you for your attention