Animal Classification, Phylogeny and Organization Chapter 7

Why do we need Nomenclature?

Taxons Domain – Eubacteria, Archaea and Eukarya Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Question? How is DNA evidence of common ancestry?

VGT vs HGT Vertical Gene Transfer – genes transfer from parent to offspring Horizontal Gene Transfer – genes transfer from one species to another Base of the tree of life is a net

Animal Systematics Arranging animals into groups to show evolutionary relationships

Vocabulary

Phylogeny

Body Symmetry What sort of symmetry do humans have? Asymmetry Bilateral symmetry Radial symmetry Cephalization How did evolution play a part in this?

Patterns of Development Major stages: fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis Master control genes: Hox, Pax

Cleavage An embryonic stage that follows fertilization Characterized by rapid cell division Ends when cells form a hollow ball called a blastula

Gastrulation Embryonic stage that follows cleavage and blastula formation Cell movement generates additional inner layers

Differentiation After gastrulation, development begins to differentiate, depending on the organism

Vocabulary Ectoderm – gives rise to the epidermis Endoderm – gives rise to the tissue that lines the gut cavity Mesoderm – gives rise to supportive (bone), contractile (muscle) and blood cells Coelom – gives rise to viscera

Protostomes vs Deuterostomes