Harmonic Motion and Waves Arsenie

_____________. _________________is motion that has a _________or _________. This type of motion is called _____________. Things that oscillate have a ________. We measure several things about a cycle.

____________(T) is the time it takes for ___cycle to complete. It is measured in _______. ____________( f ) is the number of _______that occur in one second. It is measured in ______(Hz). 1 cycle per second = 1 Hz. – 1 million cycles per second = 1,000,000 Hz = 1MHz. ____________(A) is the ________of the cycle away from its center of equilibrium/rest. Wwe measure the distance in _________or an angle in degrees.

Amplitude Amplitude measures the “ __________ ” of a wave, or the maximum _________from the __________. Units can be in m or the angle. Example: a pendulum ’ s amplitude of 20 cm, or 30 °

wave A wave is __________ __________.

Waves carry useful information and _______. Waves are all around us: – _______from the stoplight – ripples in a puddle – _________flowing in wires – radio and television and cell phone transmissions

Anytime you see a __________that ____________... Anything that makes or responds to ___________... Anything that _____________information through the air (or space) without wires... – cell phones, radio, television Anything that allows you to “ __________ ” objects... – ultrasound, CAT scans, MRI scans, and X rays

Waves have _________, ___________, and amplitude, because they are ____________. The frequency of a wave tells _________________ _________________ The amplitude of a wave is _________________ _________________ _________________

The wavelength ( λ ) of a wave is _______________________________________ It is measured in _____________. Crest Trough

The speed of a wave equals the _________times the ___________. v = f Frequency (Hz) Wavelength (m) Speed (m/sec)

A very important and confusing note: The speed of a wave will _____change if you ____________the period. The reason is this: – if you increase the time, you are actually stretching the wave out. You see time as a larger number, but: This will decrease the frequency proportionally (less of it will happen in 1 second). That also means the wavelength had to increase proportionally (stretch out farther).  So if the period is ___________,  the frequency is _____________by the same amount,  and the wavelength is ________by the same amount,  which means that the speed ( f x λ ) will ______________________ number as it was before.  EVERYTHING IS _______________

WAVE SPEED IS ONLY DEPENDENT ON THE _____________IT IS TRAVELING THROUGH. – This means that whatever kind of wave it is, it will indefinitely travel at the same speed, no matter the change in frequency, wavelength, period, etc. – It will only change speed when it passes through a different medium (water, steam, air, oil, pudding, applesauce, etc). – When you tighten a guitar string, you change the tension. This counts as changing the medium.

_______________________Waves: these oscillate ___________________to the direction of the wave. – The wave moves left to right, but the oscillation is _______ and _________. – Water, light, electricity _________________________Waves These oscillate ________________to the wave direction. These oscillate ________________to the wave direction. springs stretching and compressing (slinkies), sound springs stretching and compressing (slinkies), sound The wave moves left to right and oscillates ________ and ________. The wave moves left to right and oscillates ________ and ________.

Wave interactions Wave is absorbed by a material and energy is transferred (lose amplitude)

The material a wave interacts with is called a __________. The wave approaching a boundary is called the ___________________. The wave sent from a boundary is the ___________________. A wave that is bent passing through a boundary is called a ____________________. This incident plane wave refracts a circular wave after passing through a convex barrier.

Waves add up when they cross each other. Two pulses traveling towards each other combine into a _________________pulse. = Waves will pass each other and keep going… Waves will pass each other and keep going… After they pass…