1/5/2016 Why was the church so powerful in Europe? What were two problems the church started to encounter?

 Newfound trade to Europe caused Towns to start growing overnight  But Manor Lords did not like people making their own money  Towns soon started to revolt for their own basic rights

1. Freedom: anyone who lived in a town for a year and a day became free 2. Exemption: Townspeople did not have to work for Manor Lord 3. Town Justice: Towns had their own courts 4. Commercial Privileges: Townspeople could sell goods freely and toll outsiders

 Guilds: Associations for merchants/workers  Merchants:  Had sole right to trade in town  Took care of fellow guild members  Workers:  Each craft had their own guild; sewing/shoes  Set rules for wages/hours, working conditions  Trained upcoming workers

 Merchants/Workers became the middle class  They favored Kings because…  They could provide stable government  Protect trade, business, and property  Kings looked to middle class for followers which led to power among the middle class

 Towns-2,000  Cities(London/Paris)-40,000 to 150,000  Serfs got to improve life in towns and make money  Cities located in small locations so they started to build up which led to really unsanitary conditions…  Ex: waste dumped in streets

 1347 – Black Death or the Plague  Spread along busy trade routes by black rats who had fleas that bit people  – Happened rapidly and caused about 25 million people to die (1/3 of pop.)  As a result:  Faith in God and Church weakened  Workers wanted higher wages

 Latin – written and spoken language of educated people  Vernacular Languages: everyday speech that varied from place to place  Ex; French, Italian, Spanish, English, German  Few people received an education  Teachers and students united to form guilds  Universitas: association of people

 Scholasticism: an attempt to bring together faith and reason  Raised many questions about church’s teachings  Few advances made in science:  Better winches and pulleys  Iron plows and oxen yokes  Windmills and waterwheels

 Church architecture was main art form  Used arches, domes, vaults, and little windows  Gothic: named after barbarian Goths, was a new form of architecture  Had tall spires, pointed arches, stained glass  Changed church life into a type of fair or market  Mostly built in France, England, Germany