1 The Origin of Mass: - Inertial Mass - Bonn 2010 by Albrecht Giese, Hamburg The Origin of Mass 1

2 Sir Arthur Eddington: in “ The Philosophy of Physical Science” 2 ‘ The Origin of Mass The mathematical stage was reached:  For relativity in 1905 – 1907 (Einstein – Minkowski)  For QM and so for particle physics in 1927 (Solvay conference) … in physics everything depends on the insight with which the ideas are handled before they reach the mathematical stage.

3 Contents 1.The particle model: Particles are expanded - how do we know? 2.The inertia of an expanded system - the general mechanism 3 ‘ The Origin of Mass

4 “Zitterbewegung” (Schrödinger for the electron) Completed  Structure of an Elementary Particle: ‘ No conflict with the experiments (de Broglie 1924 ) (Dirac / Schrödinger 1928/30) (Relativity) (Momentum law) orbit (Spin, mag. moment) This is called here the Basic Particle Model valid for every elementary particle The Origin of Mass 4

5 Basic Mechanism of Mass 5 ‘ The Origin of Mass Every expanded system has inevitably an inertial behaviour; even if the constituents do not have any mass Cause is the finite speed of light ‘c’

/rmass 6 Static field of a point charge ‘ The Origin of Mass 6 U

/rmass 7 Field of a moving charge ‘ The Origin of Mass 7 U

/rmass 8 Bind of Particles at Distance ‘ The Origin of Mass 8 Note: The binding force is the strong force Potential

/rmass 9 Bind of Particles at distance in motion ‘ F rr rr F The Origin of Mass 9

/rmass 10 The Mass Equation ‘ The classical magnetic moment:    Or both equations combined: = Bohr magneton in case of the electron universally valid for all elem. particles Radius R computed from the magnetic moment  and then inserted above  the correct mass m universal for all elem. particles! The Origin of Mass 10

/rmass 11 Mass and Increase of Mass ‘ Relativistic increase of mass: From  Spin: Classical angular momentum Putting the object to motion:  (popular ) is constant The Origin of Mass 11

/rmass 12 Magnetic Moment of the Electron (Anomaly) ‘ g = Landé-factor of the electron The Basic Particle Model has to be corrected by the contribution of the electric field to the strong field. The contribution is: The Landé-factor determined by Julian Schwinger 1948 using vacuum polarization (Noble prize 1965): The Origin of Mass 12 Magnetic moment of the electron without vacuum polarization or any other QM contribution

/rmass 13 The physical meaning of ħ and  ‘ From the equations: where we get which depends on the field constant of the bind and is the field constant of the Strong Interaction and The fine structure constant  is defined as follows: is the strength of the electric field So, indicates the relation between the electric and strong field The Origin of Mass 13

14 Particle Model Arguments for point like (present theory) vs. expanded:  Scattering of electrons  Renormalization – is mathematical solution, no physics  The magnetic moment – classically!! 14 ‘ The Origin of Mass Elementary particles are expanded – this is in conflict with present official physics

15 Particle Model Arguments for point like (present theory):  Scattering of electrons – is no argument! 15 ‘ The Origin of Mass Elementary particles are expanded – this is in conflict with present official physics

16 Particle Model Arguments for point like (present theory) vs. expanded:  Scattering of electrons  Renormalization – is mathematical solution, no physics  The magnetic moment – classically!! 16 ‘ The Origin of Mass Elementary particles are expanded – this is in conflict with present official physics

17 Proof of the model (expanded!): The magnetic moment (classically) 17 ‘ The Origin of Mass Electron diffraction at multiple slits (Experiment of Jönsson (1974)) From A(x,z), and v follows  (de Broglie-Frequency) = 3.86 * m Radius Loop current Magn. moment = * A*m 2 Magn. moment measured = * A*m 2 Radius according to Schrödinger (from the Dirac function)  4 * m = Dirac

18 ‘ The Origin of Mass Conflict with present particle theories? Argument: There is already a theory to explain mass: The Higgs Theory. – Nothing more is needed Counter-argument: A. The Higgs Theory is the one which is not needed C. No indication of the Higgs-Boson or of any SuSy particle was ever seen B. The Higgs Theory is only possible by use of the Standard Model and Supersymmetry - The Standard Model has 19 free parameters for 12 independent particles - Incl. SuSy there are 124 free parameters for 24 independent particles. Is that a honestly usable theory??

19 Summary: What is the explaining potential of this model?  The “Mass” of a particle  The magnetic moment  The constancy of the spin  Newton’s law of motion  Energy conservation (in mechanics) ‘‘  Special Relativity - Dilation - Increase of mass - Mass-Energy-Relation The Basic Particle Model explains:  General Relativity / Gravity with - Dark Matter - Dark Energy - Quantum Gravity The Origin of Mass 19

/gravity 20 The End ‘ The Origin of Mass 20