ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 4 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University Spring 2002 April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Polarized Light Starting Point Maxwell’s Equations Homogeneous Medium Isotropic Medium Solution Plane Waves Transverse Fields Eigenstates General Solution y y or x x y z E x April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Some Mechanisms of Interaction Dielectric Interface Oblique Incidence Scattering Material Properties Linear Birefringence Circular Birefringence, AKA Optical Activity April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Linear Polarization x E q y April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Circular Polarization x E wt -y April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Unpolarized Light Ex Ey April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Polarizing Components April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Fresnel Reflection Boundary Conditions Dnormal= Dnormal e0Enormal e0Enormal e0Etangential Dtangential= e0Etangential Dtangential April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Polarization Labels Plane of Incidence Normal & Incident Ray P-Polarization (TM) E Parallel to Plane of Incidence S-Polarization (TE) E Senkrecht = Perpendicular to Plane of Incidence Er Hr Hr Et Er Ht Ht Et Ei Hi Hi Ei April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University S-Polarization (1) April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University S-Polarization (2) April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Fresnel Coefficient Summary Example Fresnel Reflection: Air to Glass, n=1.5 1 tp 0.5 ts rp rs -0.5 -1 20 40 60 80 q , Angle, Degrees April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Special Angles 1 2 3 4 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 n, Index of refraction Angle, Degrees Critical Angle (medium to air) Brewster’s Angle (air to medium) Brewster’s Angle (medium to air) April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Power Coefficients Fresnel Reflection: Air to Water, n=1.33 TP TS -5 R, T, dB -10 RS -15 RP -20 20 40 60 80 q , Angle, Degrees April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Fresnel Reflection Examples (1) Air to Glass Air to ZnSe (IR) 20 40 60 80 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Fresnel Reflection: Air to Glass, n=1.5 q , Angle, Degrees R, T 20 40 60 80 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Fresnel Reflection: Air to ZnSE in IR, n=2.4 q , Angle, Degrees R, T TP TP TS TS RS RS RP RP April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Fresnel Reflection Examples (2) Glass to Air Amplitude Glass to Air Phase 20 40 60 80 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Fresnel Reflection: Glass, n=1.5, to Air q , Angle, Degrees R, T RS RP TS TP 20 40 60 80 100 -200 -150 -100 -50 50 150 200 Fresnel Reflection: Glass, n=1.5, to Air q , Angle, Degrees Phase, Degrees RP RS TS TP April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Device Applications Device Input in Eigenvectors of Device Output End Views April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Wire Grid Polarizers April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Polaroid H Sheets April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Waveplates (1) April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Waveplates (2) April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University E/O Modulator eipV/Vp e-ipV/Vp April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Optical Activity Device April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Fresnel Rhomb 20 40 60 80 100 -200 -150 -100 -50 50 150 200 Fresnel Reflection: Glass, n=1.5, to Air q , Angle, Degrees Phase, Degrees RS RP 45 Deg Functions as QWP True Phase Shift rather than Time Delay Broadband: Limited only by material Dispersion April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University