Bruce E. Borders Yujia Zhang

OVERVIEW Consortium for Accelerated Pine Production Studies (CAPPS) makes use of existing field sites and data from Acid Rain Study. Up to date, a database including individual and stand level information has been established, with expecting more remeasurements and site information coming.

CAPPS database is managed using ORACLE, a relational database management system (RDBMS). All data are stored in a central computer (server) and users can retrieve, operate, and update data from their PC by networking.

Using structured query language (SQL), views that contain the information required for particular purposes can be obtained. RDBMS stores data using functional dependencies and normalization without unnecessary redundancy, which facilitates data storage and database management.

Growth responses of intensively managed loblolly pine stands are evaluated using: * average dbh * average total tree height * dominant height * basal area/ac * volume (out bark)/ac * merchantable volume (out bark)/ac * green weight (out bark)/ac * merchantable green weight (out bark)/ac Growth responses of intensively managed loblolly pine stands are evaluated using: * average dbh * average total tree height * dominant height * basal area/ac * volume (out bark)/ac * merchantable volume (out bark)/ac * green weight (out bark)/ac * merchantable green weight (out bark)/ac

Experiment Design n Location of the sites: Athens, Eatonton (BFGRANT), Dawsonville, Thompson-Tifton, and Waycross. n Blocking and treatment assignment: Each location has two distinct site types (one in Athens) and each site includes two complete blocks. Each block contains four plots (0.375 ac). On each plot, an 1/8 ac measurement plot is centered, with about 80 planted trees at an 8  8 foot spacing. n Location of the sites: Athens, Eatonton (BFGRANT), Dawsonville, Thompson-Tifton, and Waycross. n Blocking and treatment assignment: Each location has two distinct site types (one in Athens) and each site includes two complete blocks. Each block contains four plots (0.375 ac). On each plot, an 1/8 ac measurement plot is centered, with about 80 planted trees at an 8  8 foot spacing.

n Treatments applied u control u fertilization u herbicide u fertilization & herbicide u replication of all treatment plots after two or more years. n Treatments applied u control u fertilization u herbicide u fertilization & herbicide u replication of all treatment plots after two or more years.

l Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to investigate the growth responses due to silvicultural treatments, for stands with or without time replicates. Analysis

SOURCEDF ANOVA TABLE ( with time replicates) YEAR PLANTED 1 * BLOCK (YEAR PLANTED) 2 TREATMENT 3 HERBICIDE (H)(1) FERTILIZATION (F)(1) H  F(1) YEAR PLANTED  TEARTMENT 3 * * YEAR  H(1) YEAR  F(1) YEAR  H  F(1) BLOCK  TREATMENT (YEAR PLANTED)SUBTRACTION TOTAL n-1 * the term used to test the factor effect * * if significant, the term will be used to test the factor effect YEAR PLANTED 1 * BLOCK (YEAR PLANTED) 2 TREATMENT 3 HERBICIDE (H)(1) FERTILIZATION (F)(1) H  F(1) YEAR PLANTED  TEARTMENT 3 * * YEAR  H(1) YEAR  F(1) YEAR  H  F(1) BLOCK  TREATMENT (YEAR PLANTED)SUBTRACTION TOTAL n-1 * the term used to test the factor effect * * if significant, the term will be used to test the factor effect

ANOVA TABLE ( without time replicates) SOURCEDF SITE (S) 1 BLOCK 1 TREATMENT 5 HERBICIDE (H)(1) FERTILIZATION (F)(1) H  F(1) S  F(1) S  H(1) ERRORSUBTRACTION TOTAL n-1 SITE (S) 1 BLOCK 1 TREATMENT 5 HERBICIDE (H)(1) FERTILIZATION (F)(1) H  F(1) S  F(1) S  H(1) ERRORSUBTRACTION TOTAL n-1

Significant time replicates were detected only on the wet site of Waycross. Thus, the data analysis in that area was done by different planting times. The data analyses in other locations were done without considering the impact from time replicates.

RESULTS FOR l WAYCROSS WET SITE l WAYCROSS DRY SITE l BF-GRANT l WAYCROSS WET SITE l WAYCROSS DRY SITE l BF-GRANT

WAYCROSS WET SITE

Table A. Growth responses of stand characteristics to each treatment and between treatments on the wet site of Waycross, planted in Significant level: * - significant at 0.05 level ** - significant at 0.01 level ** - significant at 0.01 level Significant level: * - significant at 0.05 level ** - significant at 0.01 level ** - significant at 0.01 level

Table B. Growth gain of each stand characteristic at age 12 from each treatment on the wet site of Waycross, planted in 1987.

WAYCROSS WET SITE

Table C. Growth responses of stand characteristics to each treatment and between treatments on the wet site of Waycross, planted in Significant level: * - significant at 0.05 level ** - significant at 0.01 level ** - significant at 0.01 level Significant level: * - significant at 0.05 level ** - significant at 0.01 level ** - significant at 0.01 level

Table D. Growth gain of each stand characteristic at age 10 from each treatment on the wet site of Waycross, planted in 1989.

WAYCROSS DRY SITE

Table E. Growth responses of stand characteristics to each treatment and between treatments on the dry site of Waycross. Significant level: * - significant at 0.05 level ** - significant at 0.01 level ** - significant at 0.01 level Significant level: * - significant at 0.05 level ** - significant at 0.01 level ** - significant at 0.01 level

Table F. Growth gain of each stand characteristic at age 12 from each treatment on the dry site of Waycross.

BFGRANT

Table G. Growth responses of stand characteristics to each treatment and between treatments in BFGRANT. Significant level: * - significant at 0.05 level ** - significant at 0.01 level ** - significant at 0.01 level Significant level: * - significant at 0.05 level ** - significant at 0.01 level ** - significant at 0.01 level

Table H. Growth gain of each stand characteristic at age 11 from each treatment in BFGRANT.

SUMMARY l Intensive silvicultural treatments remarkably increased growth and yield of loblolly pine plantations. Data analysis showed significant growth responses of dbh, height, basal area, volume, and green weight in treated stands. The growth gains of above attributes vary with locations and treatments.

l The largest gains of growth and yield due to silvicultural treatments are obtained on the wet site, Waycross. Combining fertilization and herbicide, the gains for dominant height, dbh, and basal area are 20.7 ft, 2.6 in, and ft^2/ac respectively, which account about 48, 54, and 100.6% extra compared with control plots.

l The most significant responses of growth and yield due to silvicultural treatments are observed for merchantable volume and green weight, with extra 4325 ft^3/ac (277%) and 124 ton/ac (282%) respectively in fertilization and herbicide stands (wet site, Waycross). Note that compared with herbicide, fertilization usually increases growth and yields more.

l The above conclusions do not demonstrate the growth and yield pattern of intensively managed loblolly pine plantations fully because our stands are relatively young (up to 12 years old). Even though, many hard evidences have confirmed the importance of silvicultural treatments for the acceleration of forest growth and yield.