Essential Question How did government and culture develop as Greek city- states grew?

Learning Targets You will be able to define the three basic types of government that developed in the Greek city-states. You will be able to explain how Sparta and Athens differed. You will be able to identify the culture and values shared by the Greeks.

Athens

Athenian Government The government evolved from a monarchy to an aristocracy—which was? Eventually, the Athenian government would undergo change demanded by the people.

Beginning of Democracy There were basically three sides that started to disagree – On one side you had the merchants and soldiers  They thought their service to Athens entitled them to more rights – On the other side the wealthy  they thought they owned the right to citizenship

Lastly, the “normal people” of Athens  mostly Artisans, felt they made most of the goods that Athens traded and were upset that foreigners could not become citizens – Most of the artisans were foreigners—and were barred from becoming citizens.

Democracy As discontent spread, Athens moved slowly toward democracy – Government run by the people – Was different from what we have today

Solon A wise and trusted leader, he was chosen to make needed reforms necessary to end the unrest

Solon Was appointed “archon”  chief official

Reforms Outlawed slavery and freed those already sold into it Granted citizenship to some foreigners Gave the Assembly more say in important decisions Encouraged export of wine and oil to help farmers

Successful Reforms? Citizenship still remained limited and many government positions were open only to the wealthy CONTINUED UNREST Tyrants  people who gained power by force  were on the rise in Athens – They gave poor citizens a greater voice, helped them

Tyrants in Action

Cleisthenes Father of Athenian Democracy

Reforms of Cleisthenes Broadened the role of ordinary citizens – Set up the Council of 500, chosen from all citizens over the age of 30 They prepared laws, making them a true legislature

A Limited Democracy Only citizens could participate, landowning men – Women were excluded – Merchants were excluded – People whose parents were not citizens were excluded – Slaves were excluded Still…Athens gave more people a say in decision making than any other ancient civilization.

Women in Athens “The man is by nature more fit for command than the female, just as any older person is superior to a younger, more immature person” Aristotle

Role of Women Participated in religious ceremonies Took care of the home Rarely seen in public – Slaves or children were sent to the markets for food and supplies

Education Boys attended school if their families could afford it Focused on public speaking or rhetoric…why?

Forces for Unity With so many differences, what did the Greek city-states have in common with one-another: – Language – Honored the same ancient heroes – Celebrated common festivals – Prayed to the same gods

Mythology and Religion

Basic Family Tree

Mount Olympus Greek gods lived on Mount Olympus Most powerful god was Zeus

Zeus’ Most Well Known Children Ares  God of War Aphrodite  goddess of love Athena  goddess of wisdom

Ares

Aphrodite

Athena

Greek View of Foreigners Referred to them as barbaroi  people who did not speak Greek Felt superior to them English word “barbarian” comes from this Greek term