Displacement related to disasters and the effects of climate change is a reality and one of the big challenges which States and the international community are facing in the 21st century. Numbers and prediction difficult to make.

The dynamics of disaster displacement and other forms of human mobility vary from region to region, as do responses to these challenges.

Disaster- and climate change related displacement is multi-causal.

Most persons displaced will be IDPs, but in some regions substantial numbers will seek protection and assistance abroad. Cross-border disaster-displacement can to some extent be predicted, prevented and, where it occurs, managed.

States have the primarily responsibility to prevent displacement on their territory, and to protect as well as find durable solutions for their internally displaced persons in disaster contexts. States are also primarily responsible for managing and responding to cross-border movements of persons in the context of disasters and the effects of climate change.

A toolbox approach highlighting effective practices that are suitable to protect people from being displaced or help them to avoid displacement by moving in a regular and planned manner before a disaster strikes. Disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation strategies and plans particularly important in this respect

Tool box approach contain i.a. identifying people at risk building resilience planned relocation migration with dignity

Measures to better protect and assist internally displaced persons (IDPs) in disaster contexts and to find durable solutions for them

States, (sub-) regional organizations and the international community must be better prepared to address instances of cross-border displacement which occurs despite disaster- risk reduction, climate change adaptation and other measures helping people to stay, to relocate or to migrate voluntarily and in regular ways

Challenges associated with cross-border disaster-displacement cut across a diverse set of areas including humanitarian action, human rights protection, migration management, disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation, refugee protection, and development. Therefore, close cooperation and coordination needed.

There is a need to find an institutional “home” for issues of displacement and other forms of human mobility in disaster and climate change contexts to ensure concerted and sustained action by the international community.