Introductory Quiz 1.What is ‘localization of function’ in the nervous system? Give one example of localization of function in the nervous system. Propose a method that could be used to demonstrate localization of function in the nervous system. 2.Mary Ainsworth used the strange situation test to identify attachment patterns in human infants. During the strange situation test, there are multiple opportunities to make observations of behavior. a.Give an example of infant or mother behavior that is associated with the possible attachment patterns Ainsworth identified. b.Discuss the implications of the additional attachment pattern identified by Mary Main using the strange situation test. 3.Contrast the rationalist and empiricist philosophical perspectives. 4.Which two schools of thought emerged in psychology in the late 1800s? What was the primary difference between them? What were the methods used by psychologists within each of these perspectives? 5.Give three (3) examples of infantile reflexes. Provide an explanation of how one (1) of these reflexes might be used later in life in a more complex motor behavior. 6.Give two examples of a learner applying metacognitive processes to a learning situation.

Introductory Quiz 1.How would the rationalist and empiricist philosophical perspectives view the state of knowledge in a human infant at birth? What implications do these different perspectives have on investigating psychological phenomenon? (8 points) 2.Two schools of thought emerged in psychology in the late 1800s. Describe the basic approach of each school of thought and explain how each would go about answering questions regarding the nature of human memory. (8 points) 3.Give two examples of a learner applying metacognitive processes to a learning situation. Be sure to define metacognition in your answer. (6 points) 4.You have developed two different drugs to treat anxiety. Design an experiment that investigates the effect of these drugs on anxiety. Be sure to identify a hypothesis, the relevant variables, potential confounding variables, and groups in your design. How would you go about analyzing your data from your experiment? (15 points)

1. How would the rationalist and empiricist philosophical perspectives view the state of knowledge in a human infant at birth? What implications do these different perspectives have on investigating psychological phenomenon? (8 points) Rationalist would view the infant has already possessing, at birth, all of the ‘ideas’ that may be possible. The infant simply needs to ‘activate’ the already present ‘ideas’ with experience (2). Empiricist sees the infant as a ‘blank slate’ (Locke) who will need to have experiences that contribute to building knowledge (2). The rationalist perspective investigates psychology using reasoning powers (armchair philosophy) to investigate phenomenon (2). The empiricist perspective insists on building experience (the ultimate form of which would be an experiment) to investigate psychological phenomenon (2).

2. Two schools of thought emerged in psychology in the late 1800s. Describe the basic approach of each school of thought and explain how each would go about answering questions regarding the nature of human memory. (8 points) The structuralist school would be interested in revealing the structure of human memory (1), resulting in a ‘black box’ model of memory such as the Information Processing Model we covered in class (e.g. Sensory, Working and Long-term Memory ‘buffers’ or boxes) (1). The structuralist would utilize introspection (1) to investigate memory or any other psychological phenomenon by having a well- trained subject (the ‘introspectionist’) analyze their own experiences with memory to reveal the underlying psychological structures (1). The functionalist school would be interested in revealing the functions of memory(1). The functionalist analysis would be centered on the theory of evolution by natural selection (Darwin) (1) in revealing the underlying reasons why various memory phenomenon would lead to increased fitness (1) and therefore increase whether an individual with those memory traits would be more likely to survive and reproduce (1).

3. Give two examples of a learner applying metacognitive processes to a learning situation. Be sure to define metacognition in your answer. (6 points) Metacognition is an individual’s awareness of their learning styles, preferences, desires and motivations (“Thinking about thinking”). This includes awareness of memory and attention capabilities and intentional application of previously learned material to new material (2) Various responses are acceptable for examples, given that they are discussed in relation to a learning experience. (2 each)

4. You have developed two different drugs to treat anxiety. Design an experiment that investigates the effect of these drugs on anxiety. Be sure to identify a hypothesis, the relevant variables, potential confounding variables, and groups in your design. How would you go about analyzing your data from your experiment? (15 points) Hypothesis – If … then … statement (2) Independent variable – presence/absence of drug (2) Dependent variable – anxiety measure (baseline or amount of relief (2) Control variables – various (2) Confounding variables – various (2) Experimental group – drug A and B groups (2) Control group – placebo (sugar pill); NOT Nothing (2) Compare the mean anxiety relief for each group (2)