Dark Matter By Joel Tome Period 3. What is Dark Matter? ►T►T►T►The mass in galaxies and galactic clusters inferred to exist: bbbby rotational properties.

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Presentation transcript:

Dark Matter By Joel Tome Period 3

What is Dark Matter? ►T►T►T►The mass in galaxies and galactic clusters inferred to exist: bbbby rotational properties of galaxies bbbbending of light aaaand other techniques bbbbut has not been confirmed to exist by observations at any electromagnetic wavelength ►O►O►O►Originally called missing mass

Dark Matter on a Molecular Level ► decoupled from the rest of the universe since before the time primordial nucleosynthesis began ► experienced large fluxuations in density distribution since early in the history of the universe

Properties ► forms large-scale clumping and other mass distributions in the universe ► controls overall mass distribution in the universe  without affecting the microwave background radiation  or any other observational constraints in the universe ► drew gas and other matter into the vicinity of peaks in its distribution over universe’s history ► Covers anywhere between 20-85% of the universe

Two Theories of Creation ► Hot Dark matter  of very lightweight particles, even lighter than electrons  may be composed of neutrinos  development of superclusters, and vast empty regions called voids  do not explain the smaller-scale structures

Cold Dark matter ► consists of heavy particles that formed in the earliest microseconds (10^-43 second after the big bang) ► strong, weak, and electromagnetic forces still unified  can explain the formation of both large-scale and small-scale structures in the universe

Fritz Zwicky ( ) ► Swiss astrophysicist ► examined a cluster of galaxies in constellation Coma Berenices (Berenice's Hair) in 1933 ► Noticed high velocity of individual galaxies  Could have escaped from g attraction

Zwicky’s Conclusion ►A►A►A►Amount of matter actually present must be greater than was visible UUUUsed doppler shifts to confirm invisible material

Milky Way ► Research  Milky Way contain invisible matter ► Exerting gravitational influence ► Most from galactic halo (10 times D of visible galaxy)  Galactic Halo cannot be seen (dark matter)

Two theories on current Dark Matter ► Ordinary matter not yet detected (from large objects that give off little light) ► Brown Dwarf  Material composition of a star but… ► Contains too little mass to permit core to initiate thermonuclear fusion ► White Dwarf  Low mass may actually make up half of dark matter in universe ► Black Holes  Another massive compact halo object (MACHO)

Not Accepted because… ► There are too few MACHOs to account for all dark matter in the universe

Theory 2 ► Weak interaction but massive particles (WIMP) ► Could explain cold dark matter ► Hypothetical form of matter: nonbaryonic matter  Doesn’t contain protons/neurons

Impact ► Thought to play a crucial role in determining fate of universe ► Based on mass in the universe, will it continue to expand OR shrink under its own gravity

Video ► 2-chandra-dark-matter-video.htm 2-chandra-dark-matter-video.htm 2-chandra-dark-matter-video.htm

Works Cited ► Angelo, Joseph A., Jr. "dark matter." Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 15 Apr ► "Dark matter." Gale Encyclopedia of Science. Ed. K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. 4th ed. Detroit: Gale Group, Discovering Collection. Gale. Mid-Pacific Institute. 15 Apr ► Hooper, Dan. "Dark matter." World Book Advanced. World Book, Web. 15 Apr ► Kusky, Timothy. "dark matter." Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 15 Apr