Classification: the beginnings. But everyone starts with Sumerian tablets.

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Classification of Living Things

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Presentation transcript:

Classification: the beginnings

But everyone starts with Sumerian tablets

What is classification? Basic classification terminology Selected classification systems Choosing a classification system Is classification necessary? Is it practical? Is it philosophical?

What is classification? The placing of subjects into categories – A system for organizing, categorizing knowledge Roots of current classification systems go back to Aristotle’s classical theory of categories

Historical perspective

Aristotle and Taxonomy History of Animals (Historia Animalium)Historia Animalium Taxonomy is the study of scientific classification – the classification of living organisms according to their natural relationships Aristotle – introduced the two key concepts of taxonomy classification of organisms by type binomial definition (two names)

Carolus Linnaeus Linnaean classification 1735 century system System of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera and species, with characteristics, differences, synonyms, places. y/linnaeus.html

Other classification schemes Francis Bacon 1605, published his outline of knowledge /09/07/the-classification-of- the-sciences-francis-bacon/ /09/07/the-classification-of- the-sciences-francis-bacon/ Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, s.v. "Bacon, Francis, Viscount St. Albans," accessed June 04, 2013, entry/ebconcise/bacon_francis_vi scount_st_albansBacon, Francis, Viscount St. Albans entry/ebconcise/bacon_francis_vi scount_st_albans

Other classification schemes Jean Le Rond d’Alembert Diderot's principal collaborator on the Encyclopédie Diderot's Discours préliminaire – om/EBchecked/topic/13 787/Jean-Le-Rond- dAlembert om/EBchecked/topic/13 787/Jean-Le-Rond- dAlembert

Anthony Panizzi British Library, national library of Great Britain Part of the British Museum Library collection originated in , George II donated his royal library 1823, George III donated his library Panizzi, started at the British Library in 1831 Became “Keeper of the Library” in 1837 – 1839 developed 91 Rules for Compilation of the Catalogue Foscused on the relationship between versions of books Catalogue of Printed Books in the British Museum: Volume 1 (457 pages. London, 1841). Only the volume covering the letter 'A' was published.