D.N.A Describe how you would go about genetically engineering a bacterium to produce human epidermal growth factor (EGF), a protein used in treating burns. Use the following vocabulary words: DNA ligage, E.coli, plasmids, restriction enzymes

CLASSWORK Chapter 10 Review (1-7) Chapter 11 Review (1-8)

Protein Synthesis Jeopardy Biotechnology Transcription RNA Processing Translation Mutations 10 20 30 40 50

This is used to cut DNA at a specific location for splicing RESTRICTION ENZYME Category 1 - 10

This occurs when DNA in which genes from different sources are combined Recombinant DNA Category 1 - 20

A small piece of bacterial DNA used for gene transfer Plasmid

Electrophoresis is use to… 1 2 3 4 Electrophoresis is use to… Separate fragments of DNA

A genetic marker is… A place where a restriction enzyme cuts DNA A chart that traces the family history of a genetic trait A nucleotide sequence near a particular gene A radioactive probe used to find a gene An enzyme used to cut DNA

This is the site of transcription in eukaryotes. Inside the nucleus

This is the enzyme that carries out the process of transcribing RNA from the DNA molecule RNA polymerase

Before leaving the nucleus as mRNA, extra nucleotides are added to the ends of the transcript, and noncoding regions called ______ are removed INTRONS

A sequence of 3 bases on mRNA is also known as this. CODON

This is the transcribed mRNA sequence for the following DNA strand: ‘3 T A C G A A 5’ A U G C U U

These types of cells do NOT undergo RNA processing PROKARYOTE

These are the respective names of the protective segments added onto the 5’ leader and 3’ trailer end of the mRNA Cap and Tail

These are the respective names of coding and non-coding segments of the pre-mRNA Intron and Exons

This is the cutting and pasting process in which coding sequence is put together RNA splicing

These are RNA molecules that act like enzymes and catalyze some RNA splicing

This is the site of translation in all cells RIBOSOME

Translation of the “words” of the mRNA message into the ____________ sequence of a protein Amino acids

During the process of translation, _______ matches a nucleic acid codon with the proper amino acid Transfer RNA

This is the name for the 3 bases on the bottom of the tRNA molecule ANTICODON

Explain the translocation step of TRANSLATION

Explain what base substitution is and give an example of a disease that is caused by this type of mutation Replacement of one nucleotide with another – sickle cell anemia

Adding or the deletion of nucleotides may alter the ____________ (triplet grouping) of the message Reading frame

What type of frameshift mutation is seen below?

Imagine an error occurring during DNA replication in a cell, so that where there is supposed to be a T in one of the genes there is instead a G. What effect will this probably have on the cell?

Which type of mutation – a base substitution or a base deletion is likely to have the greatest effect on the organism? Why?