Immunity Unit Day 2 Every path has its puddle. English proverb

Today’s Agenda Lymph Notes on obj. 2, 3, 4 Color nodes Notes on objective 5-8 Practice

A T cell infected with HIV

Obj. 2 Lymph Transport: Flow of lymphatic fluid The flow of lymph is slow The flow is maintained by skeletal contractions, pressure changes in the thoracic and contractions of the lymph vessels. Valves prevent backflow. Lymphatic capillaries are exceptionally permeable, admitting proteins and particles from the interstitial space.

Circulation in the Lymph Nodes Lymph fluid enters node through afferent lymphatic vessels. Exits lymph node through efferent lymphatic vessels. There are fewer efferent vessels allowing lymph fluid to stagnate (stay longer) in the lymph node before exiting, allowing time for cleaning this lymph fluid.

Other Lymphoid Organs: These organs don’t filter but do contain macrophages and lymphocytes. Spleen: Destroys old or defective red blood cells Stores platelets Acts as a hematopoietic site in the embryo and in sever cases of anemia

Other Lymphoid Organs: These organs don’t filter but do contain macrophages and lymphocytes. Thymus gland Most functional during youth Its hormones cause T lymphocytes to become immuno competent.

Other Lymphoid Organs: These organs don’t filter but do contain macrophages and lymphocytes. Tonsils and Peyer’s patches Small organs known collectively ast GALT (gut-associated lymphatic tissues). Prevent pathogens in the respiratory and digestive tract from going through the mucous membrane lining

Obj. 5 Nonspecific Defenses: things your body uses to defend against ANYTHING 1. Skin & mucous membranes 2. Phagocytic cells 3. Natural killer cells 4. Inflammatory response 5. Antimicrobial substances 6. Fever

Obj. 5 Nonspecific Defenses: things your body uses to defend against ANYTHING 1. Skin & mucous membranes LOWpHLOWpH SALIVASALIVA TEARSTEARS MUCUSMUCUS

Bacterial leprosy infection just under skin.

“border line leprosy—numb centers

Obj. 5 Nonspecific Defenses: things your body uses to defend against ANYTHING 1. Skin & mucous membranes 2. Phagocytic cells-- macrophages

Obj Skin & mucous membranes 2. Phagocytic cells – engulf and destroy pathogens 3. Natural killer cells – attack and lyse body cells infected by viruses or that are cancerous.

Obj. 7 Inflammatory response 1. Skin & mucous membranes 2. Phagocytic cells 3. Natural killer cells 4. Inflammatory response damaged tissues release histamines Histamines make vessels leaky, releasing phagocytes & clotting factors Phagocytes engulf bacteria Platelets form clots

Obj. 7

Obj. 5 Nonspecific Defenses: things your body uses to defend against ANYTHING 1. Skin & mucous membranes 2. Phagocytic cells 3. Natural killer cells 4. Inflammatory response 5. Antimicrobial substances Interferon Complement proteins

Obj. 8 Fever 1. Skin & mucous membranes 2. Phagocytic cells 3. Natural killer cells 4. Inflammatory response 5. Antimicrobial substances 6. Fever Macrophages release pyrogens Hypothalamus elevates temperature Liver & spleen supply less iorn Bacteria don’t grow well without iron Metabolism increases speeding repair