Welcome This is a document to explains the chosen concept to the animator. This will take you through a 5 section process to provide the necessary details to the animator before starting the animation. The legend on the left will indicate the current status of the document. The big Black coloured number will denote the current section, the Grey color would denote the completed sections, and the Turquoise color would denote the remaining sections. The slides having yellow background (like this one) are the 'Instruction slides'

Synkinematic Porphyroblasts growth and rotation The Synkinematic deformation is related with one small rounded Porphyroblasts. This kind of deformation results rotation as well as growth of the grain. ‏  Related LOs: > Prior Viewing: graduation level of fundamental of structural Geology > Future Viewing : rock microstructures or rock textures and fold mechanics  Course Name: Structural Geology Level: Graduation  Authors: Arpita Roy  Mentor: Prof. Soumyajit Mukherjee *The contents in this ppt are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 India license

Learning objectives After interacting with this Learning Object, the learner will be able to: 1) Describe about the Synkinematic deformation associated with porphyroblasts grain 2) Describe the changes related with growth of the grain as well its rotation

Key words Syntectonic deformation: Deformation occurs during metamorphism Post tectonic deformation: Deformation occurs after metamorphism Pretectonic deformation: Deformation occurs before metamorphism Porphyroblasts: Large metamorphic mineral that grows larger than the surroundings Porphyroclasts: Porphyroblasts consists of inclusions within it, then it termed as porphyroclasts Internal foliation: The earlier foliation is actually known as Internal foliation (Si) External foliation: With respect to the Internal foliation, which will form later called as External foliation (Se) Sinistral and Dextral Rotation: Rotation taking place anticlockwise and clockwise respectively Spiral characteristics: It’s a kind of texture, such as a spiraled inclusion trail, that indicates rotation Snow ball: Well developed spirals with a relative rotation angle exceeding 180 ⁰ Known as Snowball

Master layout or diagram Make a schematic diagram of the concept Explain the animator about the beginning and ending of the process. Draw image big enough for explaining. In the image, identify and label different components of the process/phenomenon. (These are like characters in a film) ‏ Illustrate the basic flow of action by using arrows. Use BOLD lines in the diagram (minimum 2pts.) ‏ In the slide after that, provide the definitions of ALL the labels used in the diagram You may have multiple master layouts. In this case, number the master layout. (e.g. Master layout 1, 2, 3…) ‏

Fig. 1 Se and Si remains same in initial stage Slightly curved Si that marks the angle 90° with Se Master layout Se Si Se Si Large grain of porphyroblast After compression Green colored arrows indicate compressional force so that the straight foliation become folded. Fig. 2 Si=Internal foliation Se= External foliation Si gets folded relative to Se

Master layout-2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Well developed Spirals of Si (within Porphyroblast) with a relative rotation angle. Spiral shaped Si showing apparent rotation angle in excess of 90 ⁰ Se Si Se Green colored arrows indicate compressional force so that the straight foliation become folded. Porphyroblast grain Shear stress Si: Internal foliation Se: External foliation

Stepwise description of process The goal of the document is to provide instructions to an animator who is not a expert. You have to describe what steps the animator should take to make your concept come alive as a moving visualization. Use one slide per step. This will ensure clarity of the explanation. Add a image of the step in the box, and the details in the table below the box. You can use any images for reference, but mention about it's copyright status The animator will have to re-draw / re-create the drawings Add more slides as per the requirement of the animation

Step:1 Traditional interpretation of spiral train in a porphyroblasts which is rotated by shear Fig. 1 Slightly curved Si marks the angle up to 90º with Se Se and Si remains same in initial stage Se Si Porphyroblast grain Shear stress Se Si Porphyroblast grain Shear stress Fig. 2 Se: External foliation Si: Internal foliation

Description of the actionAudio narrationText to be displayed 1) Show the large grain of Porphyroblast. The dashed lines outside the grain indicate external foliation (Se) and inside the grain indicate internal foliation (Si) 2) In Fig. 1 the dashed lines are same for outside as well as inside the large grain 3) In Fig. 2 the dotted lines get slightly folded inside the gain 4) For each Fig. time duration will be 1 sec. The whole phenomenon is related with shear direction and changing of the relative rotational angle. Porphroblast rotates incorporating the external foliation. Description of Step:1

Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Well developed Spirals of Si (within Porphyroblast) with a relative rotation angle Spiral shaped Si showing apparent rotation angle in excess of 90º. Step:2 Traditional Interpretation of Spiral train in a Porphyroblasts which is rotated by shear Se Si Se Porphyroblast grain Shear stress

Description of the action Audio narrationText to be displayed 1)In Fig. 3, show the slightly curved portion inside the grain gets folded (shown in Fig. 3) and gradually in Fig. 4, curved portion becomes more folded 2)The duration for each action play would be 1 sec. Spiral shaped Si showing apparent rotation angles in excess of 90 ⁰. Description of step:2

Self- Assessment Questionnaire for Learners Please provide a set of questions that a user can answer based on the LO. They can be of the following types: – These questions should be 5 in number and can be of objective type (like MCQ, Match the columns, Yes or No, Sequencing, Odd One Out). – The questions can also be open-ended. The user would be asked to think about the question. The author is requested to provide hints if possible, but a full answer is not necessary. – One can include questions, for which the user will need to interact with the LO (with certain parameters) in order to answer it. – It is better to avoid questions based purely on recall. APPENDIX 1

Questionnaire : 1) What is Porphyroblast? Grain larger than the surroundings o Grain larger than the others grain ever have o Grain with inclusion inside of it 2) What is Poikiloblast? o Grain larger than the surroundings Inclusion within Porphyroblast o Small grains surrounded by larger one

Questionnaire: 3) What type of deformation is related with this phenomenon and why? o Post tectonic, deformation occurs after metamorphism o Pre-tectonic, deformation occurs before metamorphism Syntectonic, deformation and metamorphism occurs simultaneously 4) In syntectonic deformation, what is the relation between the internal and external foliation? o They remain same throughout the event o They have a crosscutting relationship between them They have an angular relationship between them o Each of them form separately

Links for further reading In the next slide, provide some reference reading material for the users. It could be books, reference publications, or website URLs. APPENDIX 2

Links for further reading APPENDIX 2 Books: 1) Winter John D., Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall, New Jersy. pp ) Vernon Ron H., A Practical guide to rock microstructure. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp

Summary Please provide points to remember to understand the concept/ key terms of the animation, in the next slide. The summary will help the user in the quick review of the concept. APPENDIX 3

Summary Syntectonic Metamorphism is a very common type of orogenic metamorphism. Metamorphism as well as deformation coexistingly takes place. The sequence of leading to the development of oblique Si (Internal foliation) Porphyroblast can be as follows:- a) Development of new foliation (Sn) within the Porphyroblast b) Growth of Porphyroblast, including Sn as Si APPENDIX 3