Junior Certificate Science Teacher: Ms. Shevlin

Laboratory Safety Can you think of any important safety rules in the Science Laboratory?

Lab Safety Symbols

Chapter 2 Living Things What do you know about living things? Design a spider diagram to show what you know about living things!

Chapter Objectives To define Biology To discuss what living things are made from To define the word organism and give examples To state the characteristics of living things To discuss each characteristic of living things in detail

To investigate the variety of living things To classify plants and animals and examine some plants and animals. To introduce the terms vertebrate and invertebrate and look at examples To discuss uses of plants and animals To define the term Animal Key and Plant Key To design and use a simple plant and animal key To carry out and write up an experiment to investigate the variety of living things

Biology is the study of living things e.g. plants, animals, fungi, bacteria An organism is another name for a living thing. Living things are made of cells Chapter 2: Living Things

Living things have the following seven characteristics: – nutrition– movement – respiration– response/sensitivity. – excretion – growth – reproduction MRS NERG

Characteristics of Living Things 1. Nutrition Nutrition is the way in which living things get and use their food. Plants make their own food (photosynthesis) Animals get their food from eating plants or other animals.

Characteristics of Living Things 2. Respiration Respiration is the way living things get energy. Organisms need energy for growth, movement and activities. Food + oxygen -> energy + carbon dioxide + water

Characteristics of Living Things 3. Excretion Excretion is the getting rid of the wastes that are made in cells. Animals excrete water, salts, carbon dioxide 4. Growth All living things grow Living things grow because their cells are able to divide and make new copies of themselves.

5. Reproduction Reproduction is being able to produce new individuals of the same kind. 6. Movement All living things can move.

7. Response/sensitivity All living things need to be aware of changes in their surroundings and react to these changes. Response is the ability to react changes in the environment.

Classifying Animals and Plants There are two main groups of organisms a)Plants b)Animals Uses of Plants 1.Food 2.Shelter

Animals can be divided into two groups: A) Vertebrates – animals with a back bone e.g. humans, frogs, fish, lizards, birds b) Invertebrates – animals that have no backbone e.g. earthworm, insects, spiders, snails, jellyfish, crabs.

Uses of Animals 1.Food 2.Provide materials to make things e.g. wool and leather

Animals and plants are identified by using keys. Keys ask questions about the parts of plants and animals to allow us to identify them.

The main differences between animals and plants are: –Animals move from place to place but plants do not. –Animals take in food but plants make their own food. –Animal cells do not have a cell wall but plant cells do have a cell wall.

Invertebrates are animals that do not have backbones.

Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone. Living things can be identified and named using keys.