Marine Animals Without Backbones Chapter 6 Marine Animals Without Backbones

Protista Single cellular eukaryotes & multicellular algae

Heterotrophic of animal-like protists Protozoa Heterotrophic of animal-like protists

Protozoan with a calcium carbonate shell Foraminiferans Protozoan with a calcium carbonate shell

Protozoan with a glass shell Radiolarians Protozoan with a glass shell

Ciliates Protozoan with hairlike structures on its surface that is used for mobility

Pseudopodia False feet Oozing cytoplasm

Fine sediment on the ocean floor Ooze Fine sediment on the ocean floor

Calcareous Ooze Fine sediment made up of calcium carbonate

Siliceous Ooze Fine sediment from silicates or silicone dioxide

Diatomaceous Ooze Fine sediment from diatom shells

Foramaceous Ooze Fine sediment made from the shells of forams

Radiolarian Ooze Fine sediment made from radiolarian shells

Animalia Multicellular complex heterotrophs No cell wall No Chloroploasts

Animals with backbones Vertebrates Animals with backbones

Animals without backbones Invertebrates Animals without backbones

Sponge Phylum: Porifera

Characteristics Simplest animal, No true tissue, Little symmetry, Pores, Sessile as adult, protein skeleton, spicules, regeneration, sex & asex

Protein skeleton in sponges Spongin Protein skeleton in sponges

Glass barbs emitted by sponges when you rub against one Spicules Glass barbs emitted by sponges when you rub against one

Sessile Attached to a surface

Osculum Opening at the top of a sponge Water forced out through osculum

Organisms that feed on suspended particles Suspension Feeders Organisms that feed on suspended particles

Organisms that filter particles out of the water Filter Feeders Organisms that filter particles out of the water

Types of Sponges Boring Sponge Glass Sponge Encrusting sponge Bath sponge

Jellies Phylum: Cnidaria Coelenterata Jellies, coral, sea anemones, hydras

Characteristics Tissue but no organs, transparent jelly-like body, radial symmetry, tentacles, stinging cells sexual & asexual

Medusa Bell shaped drifting body with tentacles hanging below

Polyp Tubular shaped body Attached to a surface at one end Tentacles point out

Radial Symmetry Symmetry like a circle or ball, one slice may be cut out of the circle that is identical to other slices

Nematocysts Stinging cells

Planula Larval stage of Cnidarians that is planktonic

Classes of Cniderians Hydrozoa Anthozoa Scyphozoa Siphonophora

Hydrozoa Willowy polyp Hydras

Anthozoa Muscular polyp Sea anemones, & coral

Scyphozoa Medusa Jelly fish or jellies

Siphonophora Floating colonies with gas filled bell & hanging tentacles Portugese Man-of-war

Comb Jellies Ctenophora Radially symmetrical with eight rows of cilia

Flat Worms Phylum: Platyhelminthes Organs & crude systems, Bilateral symmetry, flattened body

Bilateral Symmetry Bodies are arranged into two identical halfs Left & right

Cephalization Head formation Anterior end

Anterior: front end Posterior End: rear end Dorsal: Upper surface Ventral: Lower surface

Round Worms Phylum: Nematoda Good system formation, mostly parasitic, bilateral symmetry, head formation, many species

Segmented Worms Phylum: Annelida Segmented body, good systems, parapodia

Others: Spiculida: peanut worms Pogonophora, bearded worms Chaetognatha: Arrow worms Bryazoa: mossy animals Brachiopoda: lamp shells

Molluscs Phylum: Mollusca

Characteristics Soft body, muscular foot, rasping tongue, mantle, bilateral symmetry, well developed brain, sexual reproduction

Thin layer of tissue that produces the shell Mantle Thin layer of tissue that produces the shell

Radula Small ribbon of teeth used to rasp material off a surface Rasping tongue

Classes of Molluscs Gastropoda Bivalvia Cephalopoda Polyplacophora

Gastropoda Stomach foot Snails & slugs

Bivalvia Two shells Clams, oysters, scallops, & mussels

Cephalopodia Head foot Octopus & Squid

Polyplacophora Turtle like Chitons

Byssal Threads Strong threads secreted by mussels that attach to hard surfaces & hold mussels in place

Arthropods Phylum: Arthropoda Insects, spiders, crustaceans, etc Armored achievers

Characteristics Segmented body, jointed legs, exoskeleton, antenna, metamorphosis, bilateral symmetry, molts

Crustacea Subphylum of Sea insects All characteristics including gills Crabs, lobsters, etc.

Types of Crustaceans Copepods * Krill Amphipods * Decapods Isopods * Horseshoe crbs Barnicles * Sea spiders

Copepods Microscopic crustaceans Extremely abundant

Amphipods < 1 inch long Beach hoppers Sand crabs

Isopods Same size as amphipods Pill bugs, roly-poly bugs

Barnicles Filter feeders that attach to a surface Cone shaped when attached

Krill Planktonic shrimp-like crustaceans < 5 cm Very abundant Whale food

Decapods Ten legged crustaceans we love to eat, scavengers & bottom feeders Crabs, lobsters, shrimp, crawfish, etc.

Zoea Larval stage of a crab

Echinoderms sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, etc Phylum: Echinodermata sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, etc

Characteristics Penta-radial symmetry, water vascular system, endoskeleton, tubular feet, spiny skin, regeneration

Classes of Echinoderms Asteroidea Ophiuroidea Echinoidea Crinoidea Holothuroidea

Asteroidea Muscular stars Normal star fish

Ophiuroidea Brittle stars Willowy stars

Echinoidea Spiney stars sea urchins & sand dollars

Crinoidea Feathery stars Crinoids

Holothuroidea Tubular stars Sea cucumbers

Others Hemichords: acorn worm Protochords: spinal cord, but no backbone Urochords: tunicates Cephalochords: Lancelets

Chordata Spinal cord