STD’s

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reports that 19 million new STD infections occur every year. Nearly 50 percent of these new cases happen to young people between the ages of 15 and 24. The American Social Health Association (ASHA) reports that half of all new HIV infections occur in teenagers. How do you get STD’s –unprotected sex vaginal sex anal sex oral sex –not using a condom consistently and correctly.

STD Facts 1 in 4 teens having sex will get an STD 40% of those with Chlamydia are Female teenagers carry highest rate of Gonorrhea Syphilis rates increase the most among teen and young adults age Genital Warts is the most common STD. 50% of sexually active teens eventually get disease 1 in 4-5 teens will get Herpes 1 out of 2 sexually active teen females have contracted at least a type of genital HPV infection. HPV vaccine helps protect against 4 of the 40 types of HPV infections Abstinence only 100% effective way to prevent STD Male condom can prevent STD’s if used consistently and correctly

CHLAMYDIA An STD caused by a bacterium that infects the reproductive organs and causes a mucous discharge. Chlamydia can be passed from pregnant woman to infants during childbirth. The highest rates of infections in the United States are found in 15 to 19 year olds. There are more new cases of Chlamydia than any other STD report each year in the United States. Symptoms: Often no symptoms. Females – pain during urination, vaginal discharge or bleeding, pelvic pain. Males – pain during urination, discharge from the penis. Treatment: Both partners take antibiotics at same time. If Untreated: Females – infertility, pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancies, PID. Males – can injure reproductive organs, swollen and tender testicles. Infants – illness, blindness

GONORRHEA An STD causes by a bacterium that infects the mucous membranes, including the genital mucous membranes. Can be passed to infants during childbirth. Symptoms: Females – Often no obvious symptoms. Pain during urination; vaginal discharge or bleeding; pain in the abdomen or pelvic area. Males - pain during urination, discharge from the penis. Treatment: Antibiotics. Bacteria that causes it has become more resistant to antibiotics. If Untreated: Females – PID. Males – scarring of the urethra, which makes urination difficult, painful swelling of the testicles, which may lead to infertility. Infants – blindness, joint infection, life-threatening blood infection

SYPHILIS An STD caused by a bacterium that can cause ulcers or chancres. Syphilis can spread through the blood, damaging the nervous system and other body organs. Can be passed to infants during childbirth. Symptoms: Phase 1 (10-90 days after infection) – painful ulcers, where the bacteria entered the body. Phase 2 (2 to 8 weeks after infection) – fever; rash; swollen lymph nodes; joint pain; muscle aches. Phase 3 (2 or more years after infections) – heart and nervous system damage, including blindness and loss of mental abilities; possible death. Treatment: antibiotics If Untreated: Males and Females – mental and physical disabilities; premature death. Infants – premature births; severe mental disabilities; deafness; death

HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS STD caused by a group of viruses(over 40) that can cause genital warts in males and females and cervical cancer in females. HPV is responsible for more new STD cases than any other STD in the United States. Symptoms: Often no symptoms. Females – genital and anal warts; abnormal Pap smear. Males – genital and anal warts. Treatment: There is no cure. Warts can be treated, but often return. If Untreated: Females – women have higher risk of developing cervical cancer with certain types of HPV. Males – men have a increase risk of developing genital cancers.

GENITAL HERPES STD caused by a viral infection in the genital area. Genital herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). There are 2 types of herpes simplex viruses: HSV-1 and HSV-2. Most cases of genital herpes are HSV-2. Both types can be passed to newborn infants is the mother has genital sores at the time of delivery. Symptoms: males and females – HSV-1=cold sores and blisters usually occur around mouth. HSV-2=mild or no symptoms; red bumps, blisters and recurrent sores usually on or around genitals; fever with first infection; swollen lymph nodes Treatment: There is no cure. Shorten outbreaks and reduce frequency. If Untreated: infected person remains infected for life. Infants- infection of liver, brain, skin, eyes, and mouth; death.

PARASITIC STD’s Pubic Lice Strains of lice found in pubic hair of those infected. The lice crawl on the skin and lay eggs on the hairs. The lice spread by skin to skin contact Symptoms: causes intense itching of the pubic area. Treatment: medication can kill the lice If Untreated: skin damage can occur

PARASITIC STD’s Scabies Tiny mites that burrow into the skin of an infected person. Scabies are spread by skin to skin contact Symptoms: causes intense itching of the pubic area. Treatment: medication can kill the mites If Untreated: skin damage can occur

HEPATITIS Inflammation of the liver. Two different viruses cause hepatitis B and hepatitis C, which are life threatening forms of hepatitis. Both hepatitis B and C can be sexually transmitted. There are other forms of hepatitis that are not sexually transmitted. Symptoms: jaundice (yellowing of the skin); tiredness and muscle aches; fever; loss of appetite; darkening of the urine. Treatment: There is no cure for hepatitis B or C. Medication may help stop the spread of the virus. Individuals with severe liver damage may need a liver transplant. A vaccine is available to prevent hepatitis B. If Untreated: liver damage; liver failure; liver cancer; premature death.

Contraception

Abstinence – the only 100% effective way to prevent STD’s, and unwanted pregnancies. Fertility Awareness – track menstruation cycle to determine when fertile. –During menstruation (day 1-6) –After menstruation (day 6-15) egg is released day –Before menstruation (day 16-28) Withdrawal – remove before ejaculation. Permanent – Sterilization; Vasectomy (men); Tubal ligation (female)

Contraception Barriers – sponge; diaphragm or cervical cap; female and male condoms Hormonal – oral contraceptives (the pill); the patch; shot/injection; vaginal ring

Contraception Implantable – device stuck under skin Intrauterine – device placed in uterus Emergency contraception – morning after pill

Failure Rate per 100 pregnancies Abstinence only 100% effective way to prevent STD or pregnancy Only Male condoms prevent STD’s Male Condoms – 11-16% Sterilization – less than 1% IUD – less than 1% Oral Contraceptives (the pill) – 5% Sponge – % Cervical Cap – % Female Condom – 20% Fertility awareness – 25 % Emergency contraception – 1% (must be taken within 72 hours)

Sharing responsibility in choosing a birth control method Sharing responsibility is in the interest of both partners –Can enhance relationship trust –Can be a good way to practice discussing personal & sexual topics –Women respect men who share responsibility and often resent men who do not. –Men shouldn’t assume that a woman is “taking care of it” –Dealing w/an unplanned pregnancy is difficult How to share responsibility –ask about BC before intercourse –read & discuss options together –attend a class or clinic together –share expenses